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CEN/TR 14748:2004

Non-destructive testing

Methodology for qualification of non-destructive tests

прийнято як національний стандарт
методом «підтвердження» за позначенням

ДСТУ CEN/TR 14748:2015
(CEN/TR 14748:2004, IDT)

НЕРУЙНІВНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ

Методологія кваліфікації методів неруйнівного контролю

З наданням чинності від 2016-01-01

TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT

CEN/TR 14748

October 2004

ICS 19.100

English version

Non-destructive testing - Methodology for qualification of non-
destructive tests

Essai non destructif - Mdthodologie pour la qualification des
mdthodes d'essais non destructifs

Zerstdrungsfreie Prtifung - Vorgehensweise zur
Qualifizierung von zerstdrungsfreien PrOfungen

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 September 2004. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 138.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

СОМІТЁ EUROP6EN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

©

Ref. No. CEN/TR 14748:2004: E

2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.Contents

Foreword 3

1. Scope 5

2. Normative references 6

3. Terms and definitions 6

4. General principles 8

5. Qualification phases, steps and responsibilities 8

1. (informative) Elements of NDT qualification process 14

A.1 Practical assessment 14

A.2 T echnical justification 14

A.3 Qualification of NDT procedure 15

A.4 Training of NDT personnel 15

A.5 Qualification feedback 15

(informative) Input information to be made available prior to NDT qualification 16Foreword

This document (CEN/TR 14748:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.Introduction

Non-destructive tests (NDT) are typically one of a great number of activities within the quality assurance at manufacture or during maintenance of industrial products, where the objective is to ensure a defined or agreed product quality.

This is especially the case if the non-destructive tests are carried out according to standards or other accepted technical codes.

Qualification of a non-destructive test may be necessary in the case of non standardised NDT or if the NDT does not fully comply with the appropriate standard to ensure a defined or agreed product-quality. The objective of qualification is to provide confidence in the non-destructive test itself and also in its continued performance. Non­destructive tests, however, will not in themselves provide statements on product safety or on the lifetime of a product.

Qualification should also be considered when there are reasons to provide additional assurance that the NDT can meet the inspection requirements.1 Scope

This document sets out basic principles and provides recommendations and general guidelines for carrying out qualification of non-destructive tests.

The document deals with methods for qualifying non-destructive tests to determine whether they are capable of attaining their objectives. It applies to all aspects of tests which influence their effectiveness.

The parties involved decide in their own responsibility on the need for a qualification of a non-destructive test. This includes identification of the qualification-team and its technical competence.

There may be a need for qualification when there is a deviation from a European NDT Standard, or when new techniques or methods are to be implemented for which there are no European Standards. Where there is a European NDT Standard which applies, there is no need for qualification.

Table 1 summarises when qualification is required.Table 1 — Need for qualification

A European Standard
(EN) exists and
applies

There is a deviation
from EN

New technique

New method

No qualification

Qualification
dealing with the
deviation effect

Qualification

This document is relevant to any non-destructive testing method and is therefore written in general terms, setting out the principles that apply. It does not, in itself, constitute a specification for NDT qualification for a specific component but is intended to be used as a basis for development of such specifications.

2. Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 473, Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel - General principles’

2. Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

blind trial

trial in which those applying the non-destructive test to test pieces have no knowledge of the position of the discontinuities in those test pieces (Type and orientation according to the NDT procedure)

essential parameters

parameters of the non-destructive tests, of the component and of the discontinuities that the test is intended to detect or to size, which significantly affect the outcome of the test; the boundaries between which these parameters can vary without significantly affecting the test are specified in the technical justification and/or NDT procedure as appropriate

NDT equipment

means by which NDT is implemented. This includes both hardware and software

NDT method

discipline applying a physical principle in non-destructive testing (for example: eddy current test method)

NDT procedure

written description of how to apply a NDT technique to a specific test, including all essential parameters and precautions to be observed. An NDT procedure can involve the application of more than one NDT method or technique

NDT qualification

confirmation by examination and/or provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a sped' use of NDT are fulfilled. NDT qualification is one part of the whole qualification process

NDT system

all parts of the non-destructive test including equipment, NDT procedure and personnel, which can influence outcome and quality of the NDT

NDT technique

specific way in which the NDT method is utilised

NOTE For ultrasonic testing it may include, for example, pulse echo, tandem, TOFD, focused probes and so on, or combination of these which has been adopted.

3.9

open trial

trial in which those applying the non-destructive test to test pieces have specific knowledge of the discontinuities¹ those test pieces

3.10

parties involved .

parties involved are usually producer, supplier and/or purchaser who take responsibility for an industrial prod^c during manufacturing and/or service. In some cases, it may also include manufacturer, user, design departm^en ■ regulatory body, notified body, and/or third party body

3.11

physical reasoning

compilation of the detailed reasons for the selection of a particular non-destructive test

3.12

practical assessment

assessment of a non-destructive test by applying it to test pieces or to components containing natural defects

3.13

qualification dossier

assembly of all the information relevant to the qualification process

3.14

qualification process

process of demonstrating whether a specific NDT application is capable of fulfilling specific requirements

3.15

qualification programme

orderly list of actions to be carried out for the NDT qualification

3.16

qualification statement —

document issued under the rules of a qualification system indicating that adequate confidence is provided that procedures, equipment and personnel or any combination of these are capable, for a specific test, of achieving stated objectives of the test

3.17

qualification team

person(s) that plan, conduct and accept NDT qualification, who are technically competent and acceptable to t^® parties involved. The need for the qualification team to be separate from the parties involved is a matter to & agreed by those involved

3.18

technical justification

collection of all the information which provides evidence about the capability of an NDT technique as applied to a specific component

NOTE: It may include, for example, physical reasoning, mathematical modelling, results from test piece trials, field NDT results or experimental studies as appropriate.

3.19

test piece

example or a simulation of the component for which the non-destructive test is to be qualified which will, as appropriate, replicate size, geometry, material properties and defective condition(s) to be encountered on site.

2. General principles

Qualification of a non-destructive test may require assessment of an NDT system, composed of any combination of NDT procedure, equipment and specific training of personnel.

This qualification consists of one of the following items:

1. practical assessment (blind or open trial) conducted on the component or simplified or representative test pieces resembling the component to be inspected;

2. technical justification, which involves assembling all evidence on the effectiveness of the test including previous experience of its application, experimental studies, mathematical modelling, physical reasoning etc;

3. appropriate mix of practical assessment and technical justification.

The appropriate mix of the above sources of evidence has to be judged separately for each particular case. The use of technical justification should reduce practical assessment exercises. In some cases, it may be possible to qualify NDT without any practical trials.

Further information on the concepts of practical assessment and technical justification is given in Annex A.

2. Qualification phases, steps and responsibilities

The qualification phases, steps and responsibilities, which may be taken to qualify NDT, are shown in Table 2. The table also gives a reference to the relevant subclauses of this document that deal in more detail with each of the steps. Within each of the five qualification phases, Table 2 does not necessarily indicate the order in which the steps are taken

.Table 2: Qualification phases, steps and responsibilities

Phase	Step-№ I Responsibility		Reference
Phase 1: Prior to NDT qualification			Subclause 5.1
Make available all required input information concerning component, relevant discontinuities, specific NDT objectives	1	Parties involved	subclause 5.1
Define the NDT qualification objectives and which kind of results the qualification is aimed at	2	Parties involved	subclause 5.1
Define the field of application of the NDT qualification, e.g. oil industry, power industry, etc	3	Parties involved	subclause 5.1
Identify the qualification team	4	Parties involved	subclause 5.1
Prepare the draft NDT procedure to be qualified, if necessary Assemble the input data for the technical justification as appropriate	5	Parties involved, qualification team as appropriate	subclause 5.1
Phase 2: Planning of NDT qualification			Subclause 5.2
Prepare the qualification programme	6	Qualification team	subclause 5.2
Agree on qualification programme	7	Parties involved, qualification team as appropriate	subclause 5.2
Phase 3: Conducting NDT qualification			Subclause 5.3
Conduct qualification programme	8	Qualification team	subclause 5.3.1
Record the results and other additional information during qualification process	9	Qualification team	subclause 5.3.1.1
Evaluate the qualification results	10	Qualification team	subclauses 5.3.1.2, 5.3.1.5, 5.3.1.8, 5.3.1.9
Compile NDT qualification dossier which has to discuss and to point out, whether the requirements on the objectives of the NDT qualification are met	11	Qualification team	subclause 5.3.2
Phase 4: Acceptance/Rejection of NDT qualification			Subclause 5.4
Accept/reject NDT qualification	12	Parties involved, qualification team as appropriate	subclause 5.4
Define and/or confirm the required competence of personnel using the qualified NDT. Training may be established	13	Parties involved, qualification team as appropriate	subclause 5.4.1.5
Phase 5: Implementation of qualified NDT			Subclause 5.5
Based on the final NDT qualification dossier, establish and/or confirm the qualified NDT procedure	14	Parties involved, qualification team as appropriate	subclauses 5.4.1, 5.5.1
Finalize qualification dossier	15	Parties involved, qualification team as appropriate	subclause 5.5.1
Maintain and update the qualification dossier	16	Parties involved	subclauses 5.5.2, 5.4.1.4

1. Phase 1: Prior to NDT qualification

Prior to the start of NDT qualification all necessary input information for the qualification shall be made available. These input data are typically:

1. objectives of the qualification exercise, which include a description of what this qualification is intended to achieve and the reasons for this;

2. field of application of the NDT qualification: for example oil industry, power industry, etc

3. full description and condition of the component to be non-destructively tested;

4. site conditions/environmental considerations (for example at manufacturing stage, pre- or in- service, on stream or off stream, etc.), access constraints and limitations;

5. type, dimensions, positions and orientations of discontinuities to be detected and/or sized;

6. the required performance of the non-destructive test (detection, characterization, sizing and position) to be evaluated;

7. identification of the qualification team;

8. the assembly of documents related to the technical justification;

9. a draft NDT procedure, which should describe equipment and personnel requirements;

10. time-scale for the qualification.

Further information is given in Annex B.

2. Phase 2: Planning of NDT qualification

A qualification programme is produced, which describes how qualification will be implemented. It shall be agreed by the parties involved and the qualification team, as appropriate.

The qualification programme takes into account all the input information and may include the following:

1. objectives of the NDT qualification;

2. the way the technical justification and NDT procedure will be assessed;

3. details on how any practical trials will be conducted (for example, whether to use open and/or blind trials, and/or whether to take into consideration the time and conditions available for qualification trials);

4. details and availability of qualification test pieces (in the case of blind trials some aspects will be confidential);

5. the way the results of the qualification will be evaluated;

6. the issuing of a qualification dossier (see 5.3.2) and relevant statements (see 5.4).

In some cases the qualification programme may take a simple form such as the agreed minutes of a meeting between the parties involved.

Further details on the various elements of NDT qualification (e.g. open trials, blind trials and technical justification) are given in Annex A.

3. Phase 3: Conducting NDT qualification

   1. Conduct of qualification

      1. During the course of qualification, the qualification team maintains and updates a qualification dossier containing all relevant information as described in 5.3.2 and 5.5.

      2. The qualification team assesses the technical justification and the draft NDT procedure. The draft NDT procedure identifies the essential parameters and specifies allowable equipment parameters and their respective ranges. Where the assessment reveals deficiencies in these documents, the qualification team provides feedback to those responsible on the need for change. The qualification team determines the extent of any open/blind test piece trials, which alone or combined with the technical justification provide convincing evidence on the adequacy of the NDT to meet the defined objectives. The qualification team is responsible for the identification or design of the qualification test pieces and their fabrication.

      3. In some cases, the long lead times involved may necessitate the initiation of test piece procurement for the trials before the full technical justification is available. The information in the technical justification relating to test piece design is often available at an early stage in its preparation, for example once the physical reasoning part is complete. It is acceptable for test piece design and procurement to begin once this information is available to the satisfaction of the qualification team, even if the rest of the technical justification is incomplete.

      4. The need for qualification trials, either blind or open, is determined and the test pieces identified. Where blind test piece trials are a major element of the qualification process, a sufficiently large number of defective and blank zones is considered in order to minimise the influence of chance on the final results. Sufficient test pieces and/or available components containing real discontinuities are assembled to enable the draft NDT procedure and equipment to be qualified, and NDT personnel to be trained.

The qualification team is responsible for conducting and supervision of the qualification trials, where appropriate.

The NDT procedure/equipment qualification is preferably done in an open way for all tasks involved, e.g. detection and sizing. An important aspect of open qualification of procedure/equipment is that the obtained non-destructive test results have to be explained and justified in full detail to the qualification team. A blind trial if performed can be a realistic way of assessing the performance particularly in terms of whether the combined personnel, equipment and procedure, or some combination of these can produce satisfactory results in practice.

It is important that the qualification team is aware of the actual defect type, dimensions, orientation and position within the qualification test piece(s). These parameters can be established, for example, by:

1. destructive examination;

2. control of the test piece manufacturing process;

3. confirmation by alternative NDT methods and/or techniques.

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