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E) The extent to which a tested element may be changed under the field of extended application is given in rules or in the relevant extended application standards. <E]

For separating elements that are required to be fire resisting from both sides, two specimens shall be tested (one for each direction) unless the separating element is fully symmetrical.

In such cases the fire resistance classification shall be based on the fire exposure from the side demonstrated as giving the lower fire resistance time.

Asymmetrical fire separating elements may be tested from one side only:

1. if the weakest side can be assumed;

2. where a classification for fire attack from one side only is envisaged.

If a fire separating element is tested from the assumed weakest side only, the assumption shall be based on laboratory experience and the relevant analysis shall be fully documented in the classification report.

If an asymmetrical element is classified for one side only, the classification report shall mention this explicitly.

Beams may be tested with a three or four sided exposure dependent upon the envisaged application.

Loadbearing walls may be tested with both sides exposed for some applications.

The test specimen shall normally be full size. When the specimen cannot be tested full size, the specimen size shall be in accordance with the specification of the relevant test method. In general, test results obtained for a given span, height or width shall also be valid for a smaller span, height or width. For applicability to larger dimensions the relevant test methods or the standards on extended application shall be consulted.

When considering the field of application, tests with different boundary conditions may be necessary unless the most severe condition is known.

NOTE The ultimate load depends to a great extent on the boundary and support conditions.

Usually the field of application can be extended to lower load levels.

NOTE Load levels (see 3.25) are best expressed in percentage of ultimate loadbearing capacity at ambient temperature. If the ultimate loadbearing capacity at ambient temperature is not known, the classification report will mention the actual test load and the relevant mechanical material properties of the materials used.

In general, the field of application of a test result is limited to elements with identical constructional details.

Different variations of constructional details shall not be included in a single test specimen, unless it can be shown that they will not interfere with the performance of each other.

Field of application can be defined using test reports and other relevant data in accordance with the procedures specified in prEN 15725, which e.g. describes the role of extended application in the classification process.

This category of loadbearing elements includes:

walls without fire separating function (7.2.2);

floors without fire separating function (7.2.3);

roofs without fire separating function (7.2.3);

beams (7.2.4);

columns (7.2.5);

balconies (7.2.6);

walkways (7.2.6);

stairs (7.2.6).

The relevant performance criterion for loadbearing elements is R.

The following classes are defined:

R 15, R 20, R 30, R 45, R 60, R 90, R 120, R 180, R 240 and R 360.

Loadbearing walls without a separating function shall be tested as columns by the method given in EN 1365-4. E) Extended application shall be carried out as described in the relevant part of prEN 15080 and in prEN 15725.

The design of the test specimen and the number of tests to be carried out shall be derived from a comparison between the envisaged field of application of the classification and the field of application of test results as E> defined in the test standard and in the relevant part of prEN 15080 O.

The test method provides information on the following:

• test specimen/construction;

• — field of direct application of test results;

• guidance on test specimen design.

Aspects influencing the number of tests to be carried out shall include for example:

1. the range of exposure conditions to be covered;

2. side(s) to be tested for asymmetrical elements;

3. the range of loading conditions to be covered, with or without eccentricity;

4. constructional variations required such as walls with and/or without glazing.

The performance criterion shall be loadbearing capacity. Failure of loadbearing capacity shall be deemed to have occurred when both of the following criteria have been exceeded:

1. axial contraction C - h/100 (mm) and

2. rate of axial contraction dC/dr = З Л/1 000 (mm/min)

where h is the initial height in mm.

The following classes are defined:

R 15, R 20, R 30, R 45, R 60, R 90, R 120, R 180, R 240 and R 360.

7.2.3 Classification of loadbearing floors and roofs without fire separating function

Floors and roofs shall be tested in accordance with EN 1365-2. Floors and roofs shall be tested and classified for the fire applied from below only²).

In exceptional cases, where a loadbearing floor or roof is exposed to fire from both sides simultaneously, it shall be tested as a balcony/walkway.

E) Extended application shall be carried out as described in the relevant part of prEN 15080 and in prEN 15725. El

The design of the test specimen and the number of tests to be carried out shall be derived from a comparison between the envisaged field of application of the classification and the field of application of test results as E) defined in the test standard and in the relevant part of prEN 15080 El-

The test method provides information on the following:

• test specimen/construction;

• field of direct application of test results;

• guidance on test specimen design.

Aspects influencing the number of tests to be carried out shall include for example:

1. range of loading conditions to be covered;

2. constructional variations required such as floors and roofs with and/or without glazing, materials and components including thermal insulation materials and water proofing layers for roofs;

3. the required validity of the roof test for a range of inclinations;

4. the range of support and restraint conditions to be covered;

5. the ceiling system where this is a part of the floor/roof.

The performance criterion shall be loadbearing capacity. Failure of loadbearing capacity shall be deemed to have occurred when both of the following criteria have been exceeded:

1. deflection D = £²/ 400 d (mm) and

2. rate of deflection dD/dr - L²/9 000 d (mm/min)

where L is the clear span in mm and d is the distance from the extreme fibre of the cold design compression zone to the extreme fibre of the cold design tension zone of the structural section, in mm.

The following classes are defined:

R 15, R 20, R 30, R 45, R 60, R 90, R 120, R 180, R 240 and R 360.

7.2.4 Classification of beams

Beams shall be tested in accordance with EN 1365-3. E) Extended application shall be carried out as described in the relevant part of prEN 15080 and in prEN 15725. О

The design of the specimen and the number of tests to be carried out shall be derived from a comparison between the envisaged field of application of the classification and the field of application of test results as E) defined in the test standard and in the relevant part of prEN 15080 ®|.

The test method provides information on the following:

• test specimen/construction;

• field of direct application of test results.

Aspects influencing the number of tests to be carried out shall include for example:

1. the range of support conditions to be covered: simply supported/restrained;

2. the range of exposure conditions to be covered: three/four sided exposure;

3. the length of the beam: tests for maximum shear force and/or maximum moment.

The performance criterion shall be the loadbearing capacity. Failure of loadbearing capacity shall be deemed to have occurred when both of the following criteria have been exceeded:

1. deflection D = £²/400 d (mm) and

2. rate of deflection dD/dr = Z.²/9 000 d (mm/min)

where L is the clear span of the test specimen in mm and d is the distance from the extreme fibre of the cold design compression zone to the extreme fibre of the cold design tension zone of the structural section, in mm.

The following classes are defined:

R 15, R 20, R 30, R 45, R 60, R 90, R 120, R 180, R 240 and R 360.

Columns shall be tested in accordance with EN 1365-4. E) Extended application shall be carried out as described in the relevant part of prEN 15080 and in prEN 15725. (3

The design of the specimen and the number of tests to be carried out shall be derived from a comparison between the envisaged field of application of the classification and the field of application of test results as E> defined in the test standard and in the relevant part of prEN 15080 @i]-

The test method provides information on the following:

• test specimen/construction;

• field of direct application of test results.

Aspects influencing the number of tests to be carried out shall include for example:

1. the range of exposure conditions to be covered;

2. the range of end conditions to be covered: ends pin-jointed or fully rotationally restrained;

3. type of loading and load level;

4. constructional details.

The performance criterion shall be loadbearing capacity. Failure of loadbearing capacity shall be deemed to have occurred when both of the following criteria have been exceeded:

1. axial contraction С = Л/100 (mm) and

2. rate of axial contraction dC/dr = ЗЛ/1 000 (mm/min)

where h is the initial height in mm.

The following classes are defined:

R 15, R 20, R 30, R 45, R 60, R 90, R 120, R 180, R 240 and R 360.

Balconies and walkways shall be tested in accordance with EN 1365-5. Stairs shall be tested in accordance with EN 1365-6. E) Extended application shall be carried out as described in the relevant part of prEN 15080 and in prEN 15725. @3

The design of the specimen and the number of tests to be carried out shall be derived from a comparison between the envisaged field of application of the classification and the field of application of test results as E) defined in the test standard and in the relevant part of prEN 15080 ®J.

The test method provides information on the following:

• test specimen/construction;

• field of direct application of test results.

Aspects influencing the number of tests to be carried out shall include for example:

1. the range of exposure conditions to be covered;

2. the range of end conditions to be covered: ends pin-jointed or fully rotationally restrained;

3. type of loading and load level;

4. constructional details.

The performance criterion shall be the loadbearing capacity. Failure of loadbearing capacity shall be deemed to have occurred when both of the following criteria have been exceeded:

1. deflection D = Z.²/400 d (mm) and

2. rate of deflection dD/dr = L²/9 000 d (mm/min)

where L is the clear span of the test specimen in mm and d is the distance from the extreme fibre of the cold design compression zone to the extreme fibre of the cold design tension zone of the structural section, in mm.

The following classes are defined:

R 15, R 20, R 30, R 45, R 60, R 90, R 120, R 180, R 240 and R 360.

7.3 Classification of loadbearing elements with fire separating function

This category of loadbearing elements includes:

walls with fire separating function (7.3.2);

floors with fire separating function (7.3.3);

roofs with fire separating function (7.3.3);

raised floors (7.3.4).

Relevant performance criteria for loadbearing elements with fire separating function include:

R, E, I, Wand M.

Loadbearing walls shall be tested in accordance with EN 1365-1. E) Extended application shall be carried out as described in the relevant part of prEN 15080 and in prEN 15725. El

The design of the test specimen and the number of tests to be carried out shall be derived from a comparison between the envisaged field of application of the classification and the field of application of test results as E) defined in the test standard and in the relevant part of prEN 15080 El-

The test method provides information on the following:

• test specimen/construction;

• field of direct application of test results;

• guidance on test specimen design.

Aspects influencing the number of tests to be carried out shall include for example:

1. the range of exposure conditions to be covered;

2. side(s) to be tested for asymmetrical elements;

3. the range of loading conditions to be covered: axially or eccentric;

4. constructional variations required such as walls with and/or without perforation, e g. glazing.

Failure of loadbearing capacity shall be deemed to have occurred when both of the following criteria have been exceeded:

1. axial contraction С = Л/100 (mm) and

2. rate of axial contraction dC/dr = З/г/1 000 (mm/min)

where h is the initial height in mm.

The assessment of integrity shall be made on the basis of the following three aspects:

1. cracks or opening in excess of given dimensions;

2. ignition of a cotton pad;

3. sustained flaming on the unexposed side.

E> Classification for integrity shall be according to whether or not the element is also classified for insulation. Where an element is classified both for integrity and insulation, the value of integrity is that determined by whichever of the three aspects fails first. Where an element is classified without an insulation classification, the value of integrity is that determined by the time to failure of only the cracks/openings or sustained flaming aspects, whichever fails first. (51

The performance level used to define thermal insulation shall be the mean temperature rise on the unexposed face, limited to 140 °С above the initial mean temperature, with the maximum temperature rise at any point limited to 180 °С above the initial mean temperature.

The test standard specifies how both for uniform and non-uniform elements the mean temperature shall be determined.

E) Classification for radiation shall be given by the time for which the maximum value of radiation, measured as specified in the test standard, does not exceed 15 kW/m². (51

The element shall resist the impact as described in the test standard, without prejudice to the R, E and/or I performance.

The following classes are defined:

7.3.3 Classification of loadbearing floors and roofs with fire separating function

Floors and roofs shall be tested in accordance with EN 1365-2. Floors and roofs shall be tested and classified for the fire applied from below only. E) Extended application shall be carried out as described in the relevant part of prEN 15080 and in prEN 15725. @3

The design of the test specimen and the number of tests to be carried out shall be derived from a comparison between the envisaged field of application of the classification and the field of application of test results as E> defined in the test standard and in the relevant part of prEN 15080 @3.

The test method provides information on the following:

• test specimen/construction;

• field of direct application of test results;

• guidance on test specimen design.

Aspects influencing the number of tests to be carried out shall include for example:

1. the range of loading conditions to be covered;

2. constructional variations required such as floors and roofs with and/or without glazing, materials and components used, including thermal insulation materials and water proofing layers for roofs;

3. the required validity of the roof test for a range of inclinations;

4. the range of support and restraint conditions to be covered;

5. the ceiling system where it is a part of the floor/roof (if relevant).

Failure of loadbearing capacity shall be deemed to have occurred when both of the following criteria have been exceeded: