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Ease of disposal/sale.

Ease of access to the supervised premises.

Methods of attack used in previous thefts and robberies.

To the environment.

Of misuse of the contents.

To persons.

Vandalism of contents.

Risk of arson to content.

Annex C
(informative)

Systems design - Location survey - Building

When considering the element of risk in the design of an l&HAS the structure of the premises to be supervised will be a major determining factor. Issues which should be considered are included below.

C.1 Construction

Construction of walls, roof, floor and basement (if any).

C.2 Openings

Construction of windows, doors, roof lights, ventilation ducts or any other openings in the shell of the building which could facilitate unauthorised entry.

C.3 Occupancy

1. whether the supervised premises are unoccupied for extended periods;

2. the presence of security guards;

3. whether the public has access to the supervised premises.

C.4 Keyholding

Availability of key-holders to respond to the l&HAS.

C.5 Locality

1. whether the supervised premises are located in a high crime risk area;

2. the presence of adjacent building or structures which might aid an attacker;

3. the speed and quality of response to the l&HAS;

4. the proximity or otherwise of adjacent occupied premises.

C.6 Existing security

1. the quality and extent of any existing physical security devices;

2. the quality and extent of any existing l&HAS.

C.7 Theft, robbery and threat history

1. the number of previous thefts, robberies and threats at the supervised premises;

2. the methods of attack, robbery or threat used during any previous thefts.

C.8 Local legislation or regulation

1. safety requirements which might influence the design of the l&HAS;

2. fire regulations which might influence the design of the l&HAS;

3. building construction which might influence the design of the l&HAS.

C.9 Security environment

1. whether the building is located in an urban area;

whether the building is located in a rural area.Annex D

(informative)

Location survey - Influences affecting l&HAS originating
within the supervised premises

There are many factors occurring within the supervised premises which may influence the performance of an l&HAS. These factors should be considered when selecting the type of equipment, particularly detectors, the siting of that equipment and its adjustment. Factors within the supervised premises may, in general terms, be considered within the control of the user of the premises and where such conditions might adversely influence the operation of a particular item of equipment or the whole l&HAS efforts should be made to eliminate such conditions. Examples of conditions which might adversely influence the operation of an l&HAS are included below.

D.1 Water pipes

Where microwave detectors are employed consideration should be given to the effect of moving water in plastic pipes.

D.2 Heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems

Where heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning systems are installed consideration should be given to the influence such systems would have on the detectors which could be affected by air turbulence.

EXAMPLE Ultrasonic detectors.

D.3 Suspended signs or other objects

Consideration should be given to the effect of suspended signs, or any other object that is capable of moving, within the field of view of a movement detector.

EXAMPLE Curtains or plants.

D.4 Lifts

Consideration should be given to the effects of vibration caused by lifts, or any other machinery, on detection devices.

D.5 Lighting

Consideration should be given to the effect of lighting fittings, particularly fluorescent fittings which may interfere with microwave detectors, compact high intensity discharge fittings which may generate a high level of electromagnetic interference and spotlights, which if directed onto the lens or mirror of a passive infra-red detector, may cause a false activation. The effect of car headlights should also be considered when locating passive infra-red detectors.D.6 Electromagnetic interference

All electrical equipment is capable, either deliberately or inadvertently, of generating electromagnetic interference which might influence the operation of l&HAS equipment. This interference may be conducted into the equipment via power supply or signal wiring, alternatively this wiring may act as an antenna for radiated interference. In addition to conducted and radiated interference consideration should be given to the effects of electrostatic discharges when handling electronic components.

Examples of commonly available equipment which might cause the above interference are as follows:

1. electrical welding sets;

2. equipment using gas discharge devices;

3. electrical generators or motors;

4. motor driven household appliances.

D.7 Extraneous noise

Where detectors employing ultrasonic techniques are used consideration should be given to the influences of equipment capable of generating energy in the same energy spectrum as the detector.

EXAMPLE Telephone bells, air lines (particularly if leaking) and compressors.

D.8 Animals or pets

Where movement detectors are employed consideration should be given to the influence of animals or pets. Other types of detectors may also be affected.

D.9 Draughts

Air movements may influence the performance of movement detectors and consideration should be given to draughts when siting detectors. Ultrasonic and passive infra-red detectors are most susceptible to draughts, Ultrasonic detectors which rely on air as the medium which carries the ultrasonic energy used in the detection process, (Doppler shift) will be affected by air movement, passive infra-red detectors may be affected by draughts if the draughts create a rapid temperature change close to the detector’s sensor, the rapid temperature change close to the sensor may create a thermal shock generating a spurious activation. Draughts may be created by ill-fitting doors or windows. Movement detectors may also be indirectly influenced by loose objects moving in draughts.

EXAMPLE Suspended signs, curtains or plants.

D.10 Stock arrangement

When considering the siting of movement detectors consideration should be given to the possibility of stock being re-arranged to block the field of view of the detector. Consideration should also be given to the possibility of stock being dislodged and causing a spurious activation.

D.11 Structure of the supervised premises

Consideration should be given to the structure of the supervised premises. Particular consideration should be given to the construction of the roof, walls, floors and basements. When the structure uses lightweight materials particular consideration should be given to the mounting of movement detectors which may be affected by vibration. The condition and fit of doors and windows and the effect of rapid temperature changes should also be considered when selecting and siting detectors.

D.12 Special considerations

Where detectors are mounted on the structure of the supervised premises to detect attack on the fabric, consideration should be given to the material used in the fabric, the use of which may not be immediately evident. When the material used in the structure changes, detectors may require a change in configuration, e g. adjustment of sensitivity, or a different type of detector may be required.

Where detectors are mounted on glazing consideration should be given to the type and construction of glass, e.g.: float glass, toughened or laminated glass and whether or not there is double glazing. The type and siting of detectors should be selected accordingly.

When siting detectors consideration should also be given to how easily the glass can be removed from its frame. Condensation can also cause problems when detectors are mounted directly onto a glazed surface as a very high temperature gradient can occur between the inside and the outside surfaces of the glass leading to the generation of condensation.

D.13 HAS risk of false alarm

Special consideration should be given to siting the hold-up devices to minimize unwanted alarms, e g. by children.Annex E

(informative)

Location survey - Influences affecting l&HAS originating
outside the supervised premises

There are many factors occurring outside the supervised premises (excluding environmental conditions) which may influence the performance of an l&HAS. These factors should be considered when selecting the type of equipment, particularly detectors, and the siting of that equipment. Factors outside the supervised premises are, in general terms, considered to be outside the control of the user of the premises and where such conditions might adversely influence the operation of a particular item of equipment, or the whole IAS, efforts should be made to eliminate the effect of such conditions by the careful selection and siting of equipment. Examples of conditions which might adversely influence the operation of an l&HAS are included below.

E.1 Long term factors

Long term factors may be considered as those which are not expected to change over a considerable period i.e. over several years. These factors may include road, rail, including underground transport systems and air traffic, car parks both above and underground should also be considered. In certain countries the probability of minor earth-quakes or tremors may be a factor worth considering as may be the probability of subsidence.

E.2 Short term factors

Short term factors should also be considered, particularly the effects of building construction adjacent to the supervised premises.

E.3 Weather conditions

The prevailing and potential weather conditions which may affect the supervised premises should be considered, particularly when the premises are located in an exposed position, or on a coastal site exposed to high winds and driving rain. In certain locations the site may also be more than normally exposed to lightning strikes. In these circumstances particular care should be taken in selecting equipment with the appropriate environmental performance characteristics.

E.4 Radio frequency, interference

Where supervised premises are located close to public service radio or television transmitter masts, civil or military radar antennas, mobile telephone system base stations, emergency services transmitter masts or ham radio antennas, special consideration should be given to the EMC immunity performance of equipment to be installed. If l&HAS using wire-free interconnections are to be installed careful consideration should be given to the effect of other, probably more powerful transmitters, in the vicinity of the l&HAS.

E.5 Adjacent premises

When there are premises immediately adjacent to the premises to be supervised consideration should be given as to the activities, processes and equipment being carried out or operating in the adjacent premises. Particular care should be taken if heavy equipment is operated which might cause vibration or equipment which might generate high levels of electro-magnetic interference, e.g. welding equipment.E.6 Environmental conditions

Equipment suitable for the existing or potential environmental conditions should be used, e.g. temperature range (maximum/minimum) or humidity.

E.7 Other conditions

Where public access is possible to the exterior structure of the supervised premises consideration should be given to activities which may be expected to occur, e.g. children at play.

Similarly when the supervised premises is part of a larger structure, consideration should be given to activities which can be expected to occur within the adjoining parts of the building.Annex F
(informative)

Levels of supervision

The following table is included to provide guidance to the client or specifier with regard to the type of intrusion which may be expected at various points of the supervised premises. The application guidance should be based on the risk assessed during the location survey and by assessing probable methods of intrusion likely to be used by intruders with differing levels of skill.

The guidance included in the table should not be regarded as a comprehensive list of all possible methods of intrusion which might be encountered, as conditions will vary from one premises to the next. Consideration may need to be given to providing supervision against methods of intrusion not included in the table. Similarly, there may be circumstances when the specifier feels that certain methods of intrusion are not applicable to all or part of the supervised premises, even though these may be included for the grade of l&HAS considered necessary.

If there exists a risk of threat to persons, the IAS should be extended to include hold-up devices.

The levels of supervision shown in Table F.1 are included as examples to be considered. In many cases the designer will need to consider examples from different grades to achieve the desired level of supervision fora given premises.

Table F.1 - Levels of supervision

Annex G
(normative)

Information to be included in the system design proposal

A system design proposal should be prepared for the attention of the client or specifier (or his/her agent) of the l&HAS. The proposal should include all the information necessary to enable the client or specifier to ensure l&HAS is appropriate for the application. The information provided should include the following.

G.1 Client details

The name, address, and the trading name, if different from the name of the client, and any other information necessary to clearly identify the client.

G.2 Supervised premises details

The name and address of supervised premises.

Description of supervised premises, e.g. type of construction, single or multi-storey.

What the premises are used for, e.g. shop, factory, home.

G.3 Security grade

The grade of the proposed l&HAS.

The grade of any sub-systems.

G.4 Environment class

The environmental class of each system component.

G.5 Schedule of equipment

A schedule of the type and location (in words or diagrammatic form) of all equipment and a statement relating to the expected coverage of movement detectors should be provided.

G.6 System configuration

Details of the main system functions, including setting/unsetting and part set (functional specification).

G.7 Notification

Details of the proposed notification equipment, the type and location of WD and SPT and the name of the ARC or other remote centre to which signals will be transmitted.

G.8 Legislation

Details of any claims of compliance of system components or l&HAS to any local or national legislation, e.g. noise abatement laws.

G.9 Standards

Details of any claims of compliance of system components or l&HAS to any National or European Standard.

G.10 Other regulations

Compliance of system components or l&HAS to any other regulations, e.g. issued by insurance companies or inspectorates.

G.11 Certification

Details of any claims for certification of the components.

Details of any claims for certification of the l&HAS.

G.12 Intervention

Planned response to alarm activations and or faults, e.g. police, key-holder, intervention service, service company.

G.13 Maintenance

Recommendations for the scheduled maintenance of l&HAS or particular system components including details of the frequency of any maintenance visits and a list of the work to be carried out during each visit. When serviced l&HAS should be inspected and tested and adjusted to ensure correct operation. Examples of issues which should be considered when maintaining an l&HAS are given in Annex I.

G.14 Repair

Details of the proposed repair service to be provided including contact names and daytime and twenty four hour telephone numbers.Annex H
(informative)

Technical survey

A technical survey should be carried out to confirm that the requirements included in the system design proposal can be achieved and also to determine the precise location of each system component and interconnection cable routes (were wired interconnections are employed). The technical survey should also identify any factors which might affect the reliable operation of the l&HAS. Examples of such factors are included below.

H.1 Interconnections

Interconnections may be achieved by using specific wiring, non-specific wiring or wireless techniques.

H.1.1 Specific wired interconnections

When specific interconnection wiring is used the factors below should be considered:

1. size and type of cable;

2. need to conceal the cable;

3. effects of voltage drop;

4. isolation of l&HAS cables from other cables carrying high voltages;

EXAMPLE Mains supplies or those carrying high frequency signals.

5. ensuring cables are mechanically secure;

6. wherever possible install in inaccessible position to restrict tampering;

7. the need to provide protection against mechanical damage;

EXAMPLE If less than two metres above floor level.

8. conformance with local wiring regulations;

9. use of adequate jointing methods e.g. junction boxes (soldering or crimping only to be used when use of a junction box is impractical);

10. need to provide tamper security to junction boxes (subject to the grade of IAS);

11. need to employ special cabling as recommended by the equipment manufacturer;

12. use of flexible cable loops where necessary;

13. need to keep cable runs inside the supervised premises whenever possible;

14. the need, when it is necessary to run cables outside the supervised premises/area, to provide cables with the appropriate level of tamper protection.

H.1.2 Non-specific wired interconnections

When non-specific wired interconnections are employed in addition to the factors in H.1.1 above the following factors should be considered:

1. effect of other signals using the common wiring on the operation of the IAS;

2. effect of a fault occurring in other systems sharing the common wiring on the operation of the IAS;

3. effect of any modification made to other systems sharing the common wiring on the operation of the l&HAS.

H.1.3 Wireless interconnections

When wireless interconnections are employed the factors below should be considered:

1. siting of antennas to ensure reliable communication with other system components;

2. possibility of other RF equipment interfering with l&HAS interconnection equipment;

3. proximity of large metal objects to the equipment antenna.

H.2 General considerations for any detectors

Notwithstanding the type of detector there are issues which should be considered during the technical premises survey. Examples of such issues are included below:

1. correct selection of equipment for the environment;

2. installation in accordance with manufacturers specification;

3. selection of detectors with adequate coverage requirements for the individual identification of electronic detectors in the event of activation;

4. provision of test facilities to check the operation of detectors;

5. positioning to discourage removal/disabling or tampering.

H.3 General consideration movement detectors

When movement detectors are proposed consideration should be given to issues which might influence the operation of any type of movement detector. Examples of such influences are included below:

1. moving objects within the range of a motion detector;

2. that animals will not be within range of the motion detector when l&HAS is set;

3. requirements to detect masking of detector(s);

4. requirements to detect significant reductions of range;

5. need to be fixed to solid surface in a position where the field of view is unlikely to be obstructed;

6. when installed in areas open to the public, consideration should be given to ensuring the range/coverage of a detector does not extend beyond the boundary of the area to be supervised;

7. that walk test indication only operates during maintenance or test procedures.