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Fence;

wall;

- topping;

traffic barrier;

gate: swing, sliding, cantilever, speedgate, folding;

turnstile;

bollard: retractable, fixed;

road block, wedge barrier;

standoff;

distance between fence lines;

water (ponds etc.);

vegetation.

Perimeter fencing should be installed to provide enhanced protection:

To provide a clear demarcation between the site and the surrounding area;

To act as a deterrent to unauthorized access into the site;

To delay unauthorized entry to and exit from site by climbing, cutting or burrowing;

A fence should be over 1,8 m in height (indicative) below which there is considered to be no delay.

To assist in the control of access to and egress from the site;

To assist in deterring and preventing vehicle intrusion through adoption of hostile vehicle impact mitigation measures;

(optional) To lend itself to support a vibration-based detection system.

In line with Table 2 with a first impression of possible solutions given a desired Level of protection, Table 3 illustrates a possible set-up for a classification for fences. It should be clear that this set-up is only indicative, both with respect to the number of classes and the description of those classes.

Table 3 — Tentative classes for fences

Protection from vehicle-based attacks may be a requirement. In that case any of the following functions may be required:

maintain blast stand-off;

prevent encroachment;

stop penetrative attack;

control vehicle access;

enforce speed management measures.

Besides requirements directly related to perimeter protection, other requirements will also have to be considered, like the following:

windloads shall not cause an unacceptable level of loading or deflection to the fence panels that would negatively affect operations or safety;

changes in direction of a welded mesh fences line shall not affect the mesh deflection;

the rattle or vibration to the fence panels shall be minimal.

Instead of using a fence as physical barrier at the perimeter of a site, a concrete or masonry wall can be in place. Take into consideration that potential intruders do not like to be seen on the site.

Traffic barriers are used to offer limited protection against unauthorized vehicular access to the site.

The height, design and construction of gates should have a similar protection according to the adjoining fence. Hinges should be constructed in such a way as to prevent lifting and should be shielded, in order to prevent their use as ladders or climbing frames. It should not be possible to gain access under the gate. The locking device of a gate should be securely mounted and protected.

Road blockers and Bollards provide a physical barrier against unauthorized entry of a vehicle into a site at defined access and egress points.

The physical protection of a site against the use of vehicles for a criminal purpose will in most cases not be limited to the sole application of access control through physical obstacles.

Where automated detection of an intruder is required, an integrated security system comprising a Perimeter Intruder Detection System (PIDS) is needed. It is necessary to define minimum intruder criteria height of X m or more and a mass of X kg or more, crossing the detection zone at a rate of X m/s to Ym/s.

The types of attack styles (Modus operandi) which the PIDS are required to detect, are to be defined, such as detection of climb or cutting of, or approach to a barrier. The PIDS shall detect and annunciate an alarm for tampering with system enclosures and/or cutting of signal cables.

The PIDS shall cater for a range of host medium I site features, gates, secluded areas, exposed areas with public access to the outside of the barrier. Where multiple PIDS are used, they should not interfere with each other.

A method of validating the alarm should be considered to separate false alarms from true alarms, which require a guard force response. Validation can be achieved through assessment of CCTV, footage, although it may also be carried out manually by guard force.

When providing CCTV footage to validate an alarm, the following measures can increase the effectiveness of validation:

appropriate picture quality to verify the cause of alarm;

matching the CCTV zones with the PIDS zones to make it easier for alarm validation to be performed; and

collecting footage immediately before, during and after the alarm.

Detection;

Exterior sensors PIDS;

Lighting;Entry/exit control.

Perimeter intrusion detection systems are based on the core principle of establishing a steady background state and continuously monitoring to detect any change above or below a predetermined threshold which indicates that an intrusion event has occurred.

Like all technologies, these systems are constantly evolving. Although new improved equipment is being developed and introduced into the marketplace, the fundamental detection principles and applications rarely change.

There is a large and diverse range of sensing technologies available for perimeter security, varying in their effectiveness, affordability and accuracy. When evaluating any of the available technologies, the major requirements are:

system durability/reliability;

minimal nuisance alarms;

maximum detection capability;

minimal maintenance;

ability to accurately pinpoint the location of intrusion;

ability to function with other existing or complementary technologies.

Regardless of the selected system, the need for adequate warning and a response mechanism for unwanted intrusion is crucial. It is not sufficient only to know that a breach of the perimeter has occurred.

Security lighting should be designed in such a way as to avoid shadow areas that favour aggressors by enabling them to operate without being seen.

Security lighting can be used to:

lighten a vehicle/pedestrian access point;

aid visual observation by patrolling guards;

support CCTV surveillance or Video Based Detection;

offer concealment of guards and/or activity;

deter entry into the area.

The entrance is the first means of controlling access to any site. Gates and barriers should only be opened for persons and vehicles.

The entrance forms an integral part of the perimeter protection solution in order to control access to the site. Admission of vehicles should be through controlled gates, the control being exercised by an attendant or electronic access systems.

The following external elements are distinguished:

alarm communication;

response;

response force;

response force communication.

Local law and regulations might influence the perimeter security solution. As safety on a site is a prime importance there are regulations regarding escape routes, access of emergency vehicles.

7. Inventories

Inventories of current systems and (generic type) product, relevant member states regulations, relevant documents from CEN, CEN/TC 325, ISO and other sources have been made. The results are presented in annexes to this report.

Annex A 'Security system operational requirements - Q and А' intends to convey a general understanding of a the operational requirement for a security system through a format of questions and answers.

Annex C 'An environmental and organizational checklist for perimeter protection' consists of two lists of questions to be asked when assessing the need for security measures. The first list is about What are the environmental factors that will influence the solution?'(C.2). The second list is about 'What are the organizational factors that will influence the solution? (C.3).

In Annex D 'А perimeter security technologies classification' a subdivision of the technologies of intrusion detection is proposed into four main families (clusters). A table for each family resumes exhaustively the technologies that have been identified. For each family, a list of technical and functional features details the possibilities and the limits of each technology.

Annex E 'Inventory of perimeter intruder detection systems (PIDs)' consists of a list of information regarding perimeter intruder detection systems (PIDs). Information is given on some typical characteristics and fields of application. An indication is also given whether or not European or National standardization has taken place.

Annex F 'Matrix of current systems and (generic type) products' consists of a matrix of current perimeter protection systems and products. The generic product types are subdivided into the following categories: Permanent, Redeployable, Perimeter access, Gates and Barriers etc. The matrix gives the information in the following columns: Application, Standards/Guidance, Security - Application dependent, CEN/ Cenelec (1) and CEN/ Cenelec (2).

Annex G 'On Perimeter surveillance and burglary resistance' deals with the following two subjects: Use of detection systems for perimeter protection and Classification for burglary resistance.

In Annex H 'Pictures offences, gates and entrance barriers' a non-exhaustive list is given of the different sorts of fences, supplementary accessories and gates and entrance barriers that can be found around private, commercial, industrial, military sites or installations.It should be noted that these inventories cannot be considered complete; by nature they will be dated at some stage. The reader should be aware that any values given in these annexes are indicative values.

7. On testing

In the general conceptual framework for perimeter protection systems evaluation as presented in Annex B, Testing' is a way of verifying the (proposed) perimeter protection solution against the functional requirements.

Besides that, there is the testing of individual systems or components for Technical Specifications. An example of this kind of testing is described in CEN Workshop Agreement CWA 16221:2010 'Vehicle security barriers - Performance requirements, test methods and guidance on application'; see also Annex I.

Both kinds of testing are beyond the scope of the present Technical Report

.Annex A

Security system operational requirements - Q and A

This annex intends to convey a general understanding of a the operational requirement for a security system through a format of questions and answers.

The first draft of this annex originated from the United Kingdom.

Detection

What are you trying to detect?

— People (general public, criminals, deadly and determined, specific individuals);

— Vehicles (cars, boats, planes, bicycles, specific vehicles, other);

— Objects (thrown packages, stationary packages, weapons).

Where are you trying to detect them?

— Immediately outside but adjacent to a secure area (no man's land);

— Attempting to breach a cordoned secure area;

— Within a secure area.

Define the secure area - Map detail required showing public areas, no man's land and cordoned secure area?

Can the area be divided into zones - define zones?

What is likely outcome of a breach of the secure area (zone)?

— Theft;

— Threat to Protected Persons;

— Damage to property;

— Compromise of Information;

— Personal Injury.

Notification

Who is to be notified of all alarms generated?

— Anyone within range of secure area (Alarm Bells, Sirens);

— Covertly anyone within range (covert search team);

— Dedicated control room for alarm verification;

— Assigned personnel remote from secure area.

What timescale?

— Within 10 s;

— Within a minute;

— Within 10 min;

— Post event.

What information is required?

— Breach of secure area (single zone);

— Breach of specific zone.

How will they be notified?

— Mobile personnel notification equipment (radio, local pager, pager, mobile call, SMS);

— Global notification equipment (bells, sirens, triggered lighting);

— Control room notification (radio, local pager, pager, mobile call, SMS, email, GUI, mimic panel). Verification

Who will perform verification of alarm?

— Site security team;

— Dedicated control room (requires pre/live/post video and/or audio);

— Assigned personnel remote from secure area;

— Offsite response deployed to verify alarm.

What are actions on known false alarm (wildlife, environment)?

— Log and investigate;

— Log and investigate and take action.

What are actions on unknown false alarm?

— Log and investigate;

— Log and investigate and take action.

What are actions on verification of intruder detection?

— Log and investigate;

— Notify on-site active security team;

— Log and notify dedicated onsite security team (how);

— Log and notify dedicated remote intervention team (how).

What is acceptable timescale between detection and verification?

— Less than 1 min;

— Up to 10 min;

— Up to 1 h.

Who makes final decision?

Further notification (Alarm distribution)

Who will be notified of verification of intruder detection?

— Site security team;

— Dedicated onsite intervention team;

— Dedicated offsite intervention team;

— Assigned personnel remote from secure area.

What information is required?

— Type of breach, number of attackers, etc.;

— Verification of breach of specific zone.

How will they be notified?

— Personnel notification equipment (radio, local pager, pager, mobile call, SMS, email, GUI, mimic panel);

— Other.Annex В

Framework for perimeter protection systems evaluation

Figure B.1 illustrates the general conceptual framework for perimeter protection systems evaluation. It includes the sequence of steps in the performance classification methodology as presented in this Technical Report.CEN/TR 16705:2014 (E)

Requirements

Solutions

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RISKS

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Tumeafe

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Level of protection

Potential risk

External element*

Response

Response force

Local law and reguiavsn*

■-. Site efteraeterteaUon

Testing

Figure B.1

Framework for perimeter protection systems evaluation

Annex C

An environmental and organizational checklist for perimeter protection

C.1 Introduction

WARNING: Any values given in this annex are indicative values and can vary according to the product.

This annex consists of two lists of questions to be asked when assessing the need for security measures.

The first list helps to answer the question 'What are the environmental factors that will influence the solution?'(C.2). The second list helps to answer the question 'What are the organizational factors that will influence the solution? (C.3).

The first draft of this annex originates from Belgium.

C.2 Environmental checklist for perimeter protection

What are the environmental factors that will influence the solution?

Table C.1 — Environmental checklist for perimeter protection