Symbol |
Description |
Unit |
Km |
material strength value at test (gauge) pressure |
MPa |
1 |
destination, length |
mm |
/ьо |
cylindrical length of branch from the transition zone up to the weld |
mm |
/bl |
measured length of external projection of branch |
mm |
/b2 |
measured length of internal projection of branch |
mm |
/rb |
effective length of branch |
mm |
/rbi |
effective length of inner projection of set-through branch |
mm |
/rp |
effective width of reinforcing pad |
mm |
Irs |
effective length of main body |
mm |
IsO |
cylindrical length of the main body from the transition zone up of the weld |
mm |
/si |
measured length of the many body from the branch or opening to the transition zone |
mm |
Po |
centre-to-centre distance of adjacent tubes or adjacent nozzles and openings in axial direction (longitudinal pitch) with the angle Ф = 0 |
mm |
P90 |
centre-to-centre distance of adjacent tubes or adjacent nozzles and openings in circumferential direction (circumferential pitch) with the angle Ф = 90 |
mm |
Pc |
calculation pressure |
N/mm2 |
Pd |
design pressure |
N/mm2 |
Po |
operating pressure |
N/mm2 |
PS |
maximum allowable pressure |
N/mm2 |
Psi |
allowable (working gauge) pressure |
N/mm2 |
Ps2 |
allowable (total gauge) pressure for hot-water generators |
N/mm2 |
Pt |
required test (gauge) pressure |
N/mm2 |
Pt' |
allowable test (gauge) pressure |
N/mm2 |
РФ |
centre-to-centre distance of adjacent tubes or adjacent nozzles and openings referring to centre of wall of main body without allowances, staggered by the angle Ф |
mm |
Q |
axial force on the circumferential butt weld caused by forces |
N |
r |
inside radius |
mm |
R |
outside radius |
mm |
гь |
radius of bend measured to the centre-line of the tube |
mm |
ГіЬ |
inside radius of branch |
mm |
Лк |
inside radius of knuckle or relief groove of flat ends |
mm |
Hs, Ps |
inside radius of dished end or cylindrical or spherical shell |
mm |
Reti |
upper yield strength |
MPa |
ReHtc |
upper yield strength at temperature tc |
MPa |
Rm |
tensile strength |
MPa |
Rm tc |
tensile strength at temperature tc |
MPa |
Rm T tc |
average creep rupture strength for T hours at temperature tc |
MPa |
fms |
mean radius of main body |
mm |
Гos |
outside radius of dishing of dished end |
mm |
Rp0,2 |
0,2 % non-proportional proof stress of the respective material grade |
MPa |
Symbol |
Description |
Unit |
Rp0,2 tc |
0,2 % non-proportional proof stress of the respective material grade at temperature tc |
MPa |
/?pl,0 |
1,0 % non-proportional proof stress of the respective material grade |
MPa |
Яр 1,0 tc |
1,0 % non-proportional proof stress of the respective material grade at temperature tc |
MPa |
S |
safety factor |
|
St’ |
safety factor for test (gauge) pressure |
|
T |
minimum specified design lifetime |
h |
t* |
decisive temperature of a load cycle |
°С |
tc |
calculation temperature |
°С |
td |
design temperature |
°С |
to |
measured actual operating temperature |
°С |
tor |
reference temperature |
°С |
tos |
saturation temperature coincident with the design pressure |
°С |
tR |
thickness of ruling section of forgings |
mm |
TS |
maximum/minimum allowable temperature |
°С |
и |
departure from circularity (DFC) |
% |
V |
minimum efficiency |
|
Vali |
allowable efficiency coefficient for branches or openings |
|
Vb |
efficiency coefficient for isolated branches or openings |
|
Vm |
efficiency coefficient for adjacent branches or openings |
|
Vm2 |
efficiency coefficient in longitudinal direction for adjacent branches |
|
Vm3 |
efficiency coefficient in diagonal direction for adjacent branches |
|
VNDE ОГ VZfP |
weld strength reduction factor at filled weld |
|
/?20, t |
linear coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 °С to temperature |
10'6 K1 |
6 5 |
elongation at fracture (gauge length ratio - 5) |
% |
Ф |
angle of lines connecting the centres of two openings, related to body axis |
degree |
Фь |
angle of centre distance for adjacent nozzles on a spherical shell |
rad |
|
inclined angle of branch of the axis of the branch to the axis of the shell |
degree |
01.0c |
inclined angle of branch of the axis of the branch to the tangent of the shell |
degree |
NOTE 1 N/mm2 = 1 MN/m2 = 1 MPa. |
Responsibilities
Purchaser
The purchaser shall be responsible for furnishing the manufacturer with a specification of the normal working conditions of the boiler plant (see also guides of procurement EN 45510-3-1 and EN 45510-3-3 where applicable), together with details of any transient and/or adverse conditions under which the boiler plant is required to operate and of any special requirements to facilitate in-service inspection.
Manufacturer
The manufacturer shall be responsible for the completeness and accuracy of all design calculations and for compliance with all applicable requirements of this standard for the boiler assembly.
Manufacturers shall ensure that the execution of the provisions of this European Standard is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced personnel.
Duties carried out by other responsible authorities shall not absolve the manufacturer from his responsibility for compliance with the applicable requirements of this standard.
The offices, workshops and sites associated with the design and construction of water-tube boilers shall be properly equipped and shall have appropriate provisions for all the inspection and testing specified in EN 12952-6:2011. Manufacturing and other procedures shall be adequate and manufacturing personnel shall be competent and properly qualified for their assigned tasks.
The manufacturer shall be competent to manufacture the boiler in accordance with this standard (see EN 12952-5:2011, Annex F).
Design/type appraisal of pressure parts
The manufacturer is required to declare that the technical design specification and supporting documentation is in compliance with the requirements of this standard.
Because of the wide range of types of water-tube boiler plant that can be designed and manufactured in accordance with this standard, it has been recognized that it is not possible to cover all the combinations of situations that might arise. This might be due to the normal lag in time scale which naturally exists between standardization and advancing technology. In order not to inhibit progress in these circumstances, general guidance has been given within this European Standard to cover such situations. The specific requirements shall be determined by the manufacturer on a case-by-case basis according to the particular design and manufacturing details involved, ensuring, in all cases, the safety of the boiler will not be impaired.
It has also been recognized that during the manufacturing stages, unexpected factors might arise which require the introduction of design modifications and/or manufacturing concessions resulting in deviations from the specified requirements included at the initial design/type appraisal stage. Such deviations are permitted by this standard where it can be established that the safety and required function of the component are not impaired. Any such deviations shall be included in the technical documentation and form part of the manufacturer's data dossier.
Annex A
(informative)
Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the
previous edition
Clause/Paragraph/Table/Figure |
Change |
General |
The complete document was restructured. The revision of EN 12952-1:2001 was dedicated to fulfill the European Guidelines 3/4, 8/4 and 8/11 related to the essential safety requirements of Annex I of the PED regarding the minimum extend of boiler assembly subject to a global conformity assessment procedure and the extend as well as performance of a hazard analysis. |
1 / Scope
|
The Scope was revised. |
2 / Normative references |
Normative references were updated. |
3 / Terms and definitions |
Definitions in line with the terms used for shell boilers in EN 129531. |
4 / Interdependency of the parts of the series |
New clause was added. |
5 / Symbols and abbreviations |
Table 5-1 listing the symbols and abbreviations was updated. |
Annex A / Guidance in the use of the conformity assessment procedures |
Annex was deleted and replaced by a new informative annex listing the significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. |
Annex ZA / Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU |
Annex was revised. |
NOTE The technical changes referred to include the significant technical changes from the revised EN but it is not an exhaustive list of all modifications from the previous version. |
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.l confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.l — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2014/68/EU on
Pressure Equipment
Clause(s)/subclause(s) of this EN 12952-1 |
Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) of Directive 2014/68/EU on Pressure Equipment Annex I |
Qualifying remarks/Notes |
Clause 4 |
1.1 |
General |
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.Bibliography
Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment
EN 12952-7, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations —Part 7: Requirements for equipment for the boiler ■
EN 12952-8, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations — Part 8: Requirements for firing systems for liquid and gaseous fuels for the boiler
EN 12952-9, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations — Part 9: Requirements for firing systems for pulverized solid fuels for the boiler
EN 12952-16, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations — Part 16: Requirements for grate and fluidized-bed firing systems for solid fuels for the boiler
EN 45510-3-1, Guide for procurement of power station equipment — Part 3-1: Boilers - Water tube boilers
EN 45510-3-3, Guide for procurement of power station equipment — Part 3-3: Boilers - Boilers with fluidized bed firing