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smoke control system with automatic activation and with manual override

smoke control system (smoke and heat exhaust ventilation type or pressure differential type), that can be put into operation as 3.26 on receipt of a smoke or fire alarm, but once initiated the system will allow the damper position to be changed by external input or fireman’s override

3.27

smoke control system with manual initiation

smoke control system (smoke and heat exhaust ventilation type or pressurization type), that has to be put into operation, on detection of smoke or fire, by human intervention (e.g. by pressing a button, or pulling a handle), leading to a sequence of automatic actions in the operation of the smoke control system

NOTE Once initiated, the system may allow the damper position to be changed by external input or fireman’s override.

3.28

smoke free clear area

volume of air which is unpolluted by smoke

3.29

smoke layer

layer of smoke that stabilises underneath the roof due to the affect of temperature gradient

3.30

smoke reservoir

region within a building limited or bordered by smoke barriers or structural elements and which will, in the event of a fire, retain a thermally buoyant smoke layer

3.31

system response time

time from the initiation of the smoke control system to it being fully operational

3.32

triggering device

device such as a fire detector system, smoke detector or pushbutton, which sends an activating signal to the initiation device(s)

4. Smoke control damper requirements

   1. General

      1. Fire resistance

The smoke control damper shall demonstrate the following and shall be classified in accordance with EN 13501-4:

1. integrity: this shall be tested in accordance with test method in 5.2 and the integrity classification (E) declared;

2. insulation: this shall be tested in accordance with test method in 5.2 and the insulation classification (I) declared;

3. leakage: this shall be tested in accordance with test method in 5.2 and the leakage classification (S) declared;

4. mechanical stability: this shall be tested in accordance with test method in 5.2 and forms part of the integrity classification (E) declared;

5. maintenance of cross section: this shall be tested in accordance with test method in 5.2 and forms part of the integrity classification (E) declared;

6. high operational temperature: this shall be tested in accordance with test method in 5.2 and the classification (HOT400/30) declared.

Where the manufacturer intends to provide information regarding aerodynamic characteristics, this shall be done according to EN 1751 - see 5.5.

Smoke control dampers shall be required to have two safety positions, i.e. fully open and fully closed. In the case of a single fire compartment, this safety position shall generally be open, unless separate smoke reservoirs are designated along a duct run. For multi compartment fire resisting smoke control dampers, the safety position shall be either open or closed, depending on the source and path of the smoke and heat to be extracted.

The purpose of this is to maintain a fixed extraction path through the ductwork (open dampers), whilst also maintaining the fire compartmentation to the compartment and the duct (closed dampers). Depending on the position of the fire source, any smoke control damper shall be required to perform both functions.

Where a smoke control damper is required to maintain fire compartmentation, it shall be fire resisting (i.e. a multi compartment fire resisting smoke control damper).

Smoke control dampers that are designed to function automatically on smoke detection shall travel to, or remain in, the correct position to exhaust smoke from the fire compartment.

Smoke control dampers that are initiated manually by switches, or actuated automatically at higher temperatures, shall be capable of operating at the appropriate higher temperatures.

Smoke control damper construction shall contain no device that is able to change the position of the damper once the safety position has been reached, i.e. it shall not change position unless required by direct instruction from a triggering device.

NOTE It is assumed that, as specified, power should be maintained throughout a building where a smoke control damper referred to in this standard is installed.

Consequently, smoke control damper assemblies shall have no thermal devices to cause uncontrolled operation and no automatic return mechanisms that can, for instance, operate on loss of power.

The smoke control damper construction shall contain a method for the remote signalling of both, open and closed positions.

The smoke control damper shall move from one end position to the other within 60 s of the receipt of a signal.

Actuators shall be constructed and assembled to have the strength and rigidity necessary to perform the design operations to which they may be subjected, without loosening or displacement of parts, or other serious defects, when subjected to the test in EN 1366-10.

Actuator construction shall contain no device that is able to change the position of the damper once the safety position has been reached, i.e. it shall not change position unless required by direct instruction from a triggering device.

NOTE It is assumed that, as specified, power shall be maintained throughout a building where a smoke control damper referred to in this standard is installed.

Consequently actuators shall have no thermal devices to cause uncontrolled operation and no automatic return mechanisms that can, for instance, operate on loss of power.

The actuator shall be designed to operate the damper within the time period described in 4.2.1.4.

Any interface control unit that governs the movement of the actuator shall be tested and operate to the same time/temperature criteria as the actuator it controls. The interfacing unit shall be designed to be suitable for connection to control panels in accordance with prEN 12101-9 and power supplies in accordance with EN 12101-10.

The units may be open or closed as part of a heating and ventilating system or a smoke and heat ventilation system and shall only open or close only on the receipt of an external input.

Consequently, smoke control dampers shall:

1. move to and maintain either their closed position, or open position, in the specified time of receiving an alarm;

2. have known leakage characteristics;

3. if multi compartment, be fire resisting to maintain compartmentation in closed position;

4. maintain their free area when fully open, at elevated or standard fire temperatures.

The smoke control dampers’ response delay is such that closure/opening starts within the time period of 30 s or 25 min in accordance with the test method in 5.2. The unit shall then open/close within 60 s in accordance with the test method in 5.2.

Where a manufacturer intends to demonstrate an enhanced salt spray corrosion resistant performance of a smoke control damper to give a guide on its durability, the test detailed in Annex В shall be performed and the result of these tests declared (i.e. pass/fail). Alternatively, this performance may be made by using of known- corrosion-resistance products, components and treatments and this shall be declared.

NOTE Except for products used in a corrosive/contaminated environment, there are no corrosion resistance requirements on products for other uses.

The assessment of integrity (E) of a single compartment smoke control damper, as one of the fire resistance performance characteristics, shall be made on the basis of:

1. leakage through the damper at ambient and when closed after 5 min (automatic operation) or 30 min (systems with manual intervention) from the start of the elevated temperature test,

2. the ability of the damper to maintain its opening when subjected to the elevated temperature test (i.e. to 600 °С),

3. the suitability for use of the damper at an under pressure, measured at ambient.

A smoke leakage performance requirement is described in EN 1366-10 to allow the (S) classification, and this shall be applied, if the damper is intended for the end uses where this performance is required (largest and smallest sizes at ambient and largest size (measured continuously) after 5 (automatic operation) or 30 min (systems with manual intervention) from the start of the fire test.

The HOT 400/30 (High Operating Temperature) performance requirement (operating at 400 °С for 30 min) is described in EN 1366-10 and this shall be applied, if the damper is intended for the end uses where this performance is required.

Following the test described in 5.2.4 demonstrates the durability of response delay by proving that the single compartment smoke control damper closes at the prescribed time and in the required time period.

The ability of the single compartment smoke control damper to demonstrate its operational reliability over the life of the system shall be determined by the open and closing cycle tests shown in 5.4.

The number of cycles to be performed reflects the proposed use of the single compartment smoke control damper in smoke control only systems, combined smoke control and environmental systems, or modulating use in combined smoke control and environmental systems.

A cycle is defined as the damper moving from the open position to the closed and back to the open position or between the upper position to the lower position and back to the upper position for modulating dampers.

The single compartment smoke control damper passes the open and closing cycle test when:

•— the cycles required are fully completed with the average time of each cycle less than 120 s;

— the average time of the last cycle is less than 120 s.

NOTE In the case of smoke exhaust, the control system should ensure modulating actuators to move the smoke control damper only into fully open or fully closed position, i.e. the modulating signal should be overridden.

Having achieved the performance criteria in 4.3.1, the single compartment smoke control damper shall be classified and designated in accordance with EN 13501-4.

The following shall be declared for each single compartment smoke control damper:

1. integrity class "E_eoo", (in accordance to EN 13501-4);

2. the addition of HOT 400/30 indicates the satisfaction of the high operational temperature requirements;

3. the additions of the indication(s) of suitability for vertical and/or horizontal installation, together with mounting in a duct or in a wall or both, respectively: as v_ed, v_ew or v_edw and/or h_od, h_ow or h_odw ;

NOTE v_e or h₀ should not be taken to imply the direction of operation, nor the orientation of the axis of the damper blade.

4. the addition of the symbol "S" indicates the satisfaction of an extra restriction on leakage;

5. the addition of "500", "1000" or "1500" indicates the suitability of use up to these underpressures;

6. the addition of "AA" or "MA" indicates automatic activation or manual intervention;

7. the addition of the symbols "(i -> o)", "(o -» i)", or (i о)" to indicate whether the element has been tested and fulfils the requirements from the inside or outside only or both;

8. the addition of "C₃₀₀", "C₁₀₀oo", "C_mod" indicates the suitability for use in smoke control only systems, combined smoke control and environmental systems, or modulating use in combined smoke control and environmental systems;

9. the addition of the suffix "single" to indicate suitability.

EXAMPLE Eeoo 60 (v_e-i<-+o) S 1500 Сюооо MA single.

Where the manufacturer intends to provide information regarding aerodynamic performance, it shall do so in accordance with EN 1751 - see 5.5.

4.4 Fire resistance performance criteria: Multi compartment fire resisting smoke control dampers

The assessment of integrity (E) of multi compartment smoke control dampers, as one of the fire resistance performance characteristics, shall be made on the basis of:

1. leakage through the damper at ambient and when closed after 5 min (automatic operation) or 30 min (systems with manual intervention) from the start of the fire test,

2. the ability of the damper to maintain its opening when subjected to the fire test,

3. cracks or openings in excess of given dimensions and ignition of a cotton pad and sustained flaming on the non-exposed side at the perimeter of the damper junction with the wall or floor or duct (the penetration),

4. the suitability for use of the damper at an under pressure, measured at ambient.

When insulation characteristics are proven for multi compartment fire resisting control dampers, this shall be classified and declared, together with integrity.

A smoke leakage performance requirement is described in EN 1366-10 to allow the (S) classification, and this shall be applied, if the damper is intended for the end uses where this performance is required (largest and smallest sizes at ambient and largest size (measured continuously) after 5 (automatic operation) or 30 min (systems with manual intervention) from the start of the fire test.

The HOT 400/30 (High Operating Temperature) performance requirement (operating at 400 °С for 30 min) is described in EN 1366-10 and this shall be applied, if the damper is intended for the end uses where this performance is required.

Following the test described in 5.2.4 demonstrates the durability of response delay by proving that the multi compartment smoke control damper closes at the prescribed time and in the required time period.

The ability of the multi compartment smoke control damper to demonstrate its operational reliability over the life of the system shall be determined by the open and closing cycle tests shown in 5.4.

The number of cycles to be performed reflects the proposed use of the multi compartment smoke control damper in smoke control only systems, combined smoke control and environmental systems, or modulating use in combined smoke control and environmental systems.

A cycle is defined as the damper moving from the open position to the closed and back to the open position or between the upper position to the lower position and back to the upper position for modulating dampers.

The multi compartment smoke control damper passes the open and closing cycle test when:

• the cycles required are fully completed with the average time of each cycle less than 120 s;

• the average time of the last cycle is less than 120 s.

NOTE In the case of smoke exhaust, the control system should ensure modulating actuators to move the smoke control damper only into fully open or fully closed position, i.e. the modulating signal should be overridden.

Having achieved the performance criteria in 4.4.1, the multi compartment smoke control damper shall be classified and designated in accordance with EN 13501-4.

The following shall be declared for each multi compartment smoke control damper:

1. integrity class "E", integrity and insulation class "El" (in accordance to EN 13501-4);

2. the addition of HOT 400/30 indicates the satisfaction of the high operational temperature requirements;

3. the additions of the indication(s) of suitability for vertical and/or horizontal installation, together with mounting in a duct or in a wall or both, respectively: as v_ed, v_ew or v_edw and/or h_od, h_ow or h_odw I

NOTE v_e or h₀ should not be taken to imply the direction of operation, nor the orientation of the axis of the damper blade.

4. the addition of the symbol "S" indicates the satisfaction of an extra restriction on leakage;

5. the addition of "500", "1000" or "1500” indicates the suitability of use up to these underpressures;

6. the addition of "AA" or "MA" indicates automatic activation or manual intervention;

7. the addition of the symbols "(i -> o)", "(o i)", or (i <-> о)" to indicate whether the element has been

tested and fulfils the requirements from the inside or outside only or both;

8. the addition of "C_3oo", "C_1OOoo", "C_mod" indicates the suitability for use in smoke control only systems, combined smoke control and environmental systems, or modulating use in combined smoke control and environmental systems;

9. the addition of the suffix "multi" to indicate suitability.

EXAMPLE El 60 (v_edw-i-<-o) S 500 C10000 AA multi.

If the multi compartment smoke control damper requirements defined in this clause are satisfied, this shall be deemed to satisfy also the corresponding single compartment smoke control damper requirements in 4.3.1.

Where the manufacturer intends to provide information regarding aerodynamic performance, it shall do so in accordance with EN 1751 - see 5.5.

5. Test methods

   1. Ambient Leakage Tests

The test method shall be in accordance with EN 1366-2 and EN 1751.

In addition to other requirements in this standard, the smoke control damper shall be subjected to a furnace based fire resistance test. The purpose of the test is to evaluate the ability of a smoke control damper to prevent fire and smoke spreading from one fire compartment to another through the ductwork system which may penetrate fire separating walls and floors.

The smoke control damper in the furnace (e.g. fire compartment) is tested on its ability to open, and stay open, to allow smoke to be extracted. The smoke control damper on the non-exposed position (neighbouring compartment) is tested upon its ability to stay closed and have known maximum leakage to allow sensible fan selection and give a guide to smoke not leaking back through.

Single compartment smoke control dampers will be subjected to an elevated temperature test matching the standard time temperature heating curve but levelling out to a flat maximum of 600 °С. Multi-compartment smoke control dampers will be subjected to a fire test to the standard time temperature test curve.

Two smoke control dampers are attached to a single compartment smoke control duct (methods are described in EN 1366-10 for both horizontal and vertical ductwork) in a manner generally representative of practice. One smoke control damper will be mounted on the duct inside the furnace and one outside the furnace as described in EN 1366-10.

NOTE Test results are only valid for the tested method of mounting, together with any direct or extended field of application that may be applicable.

Tests shall be performed starting with the smoke control damper inside the furnace in the closed position and the smoke control damper outside the furnace in the open position (unless in its application it will never be open at the commencement of a smoke situation, in which case it will remain closed). This is to demonstrate the abilities of the smoke control damper both inside and outside the fire compartment. The damper inside the furnace will be required to open during the test and the smoke control damper outside the furnace will be required to close. The time at which these changeovers occur is determined by the requirement for automatic activation or for manual intervention

Temperature and integrity measurements shall be carried out in various parts of the test construction during the test.

When the dampers have changed position, hot gases from inside the furnace are drawn through the now open smoke control damper inside the furnace, past the now closed smoke control damper outside the furnace. The provision of a perforated plate (described in EN 1366-10) allows the smoke control damper outside the furnace to be subjected to pressure differential of 500Pa. The leakage of the smoke control damper outside the furnace is recorded when it is closed. The leakage rate of dampers requiring an S classification shall be measured both at ambient temperature as well as during the fire test.

Similar information is given in EN 1366-10 for the testing of dampers in compartment barriers to demonstrate maintenance of fire resistance when closed and maintenance of opening to allow smoke and hot gases to be moved through them.

If the smoke control damper is intended for the end uses where this performance is required, a sample of the smoke control damper and the associated actuator shall be first subjected to a furnace based fire test to prove maintenance of closure.

The smoke control damper is attached (directly or remotely via a section of ducting), in/to a supporting construction using a method described in the test standard (EN 1366-2, referenced by EN 1366-10) in a manner generally representative of practice. Smoke control dampers may be situated within the construction of the wall/floor, attached to the face of the waIl/floor, or mounted remotely from it via a section of fire resistant ducting.