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5 Assessment methods and tests

NOTE An example of the methodology for the theoretical analysis is given in Annex C.

The compatibility or connectability of each component shall be assessed in the specified system configuration(s).

NOTE The test programme may be undertaken as part of a programme to assess the performance of a device according to a part of EN 54.

Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, the testing shall be carried out after the test specimen has been allowed to stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing as described in EN 60068-1:1994 as follows:

a) Temperature

15 °С to 35 °С;

b) Relative humidity 25 % to 75 %;

c) Air pressure

86 kPa to 106 kPa.

If variations in these parameters have a significant effect on a measurement, then such variations shall be kept to a minimum during a series of measurements carried out as part of one test on one specimen.

5.2.2 Mounting and electrical connection

The objective of the test is to check the compliance of the components in a defined configuration covered by the specifications given by the manufacturer and within the limits given in the relevant parts of EN 54.

• the minimum supply voltage of the CIE with the maximum load on all transmission paths;

• the maximum supply voltage of the CIE with the minimum load on all transmission paths.

NOTE 1 The load includes the number of components and the length of the cables.

NOTE 2 The maximum load on all transmission paths means that at least one transmission path is fully

loaded. The other transmission path(s) may either be fully loaded or have their load simulated.

NOTE 3 The minimum load on all transmission paths means that at least one transmission path is loaded with one component under consideration and there is no load on the other transmission path(s) unless it is necessary for the functional test.

Start from the quiescent condition. Activate and reset one or more of the components (detector, manual call point or input element) that can be connected to the transmission path in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions under the conditions specified in 5.3.2.

The following criteria of acceptance shall be met for the functional test of the fire alarm condition:

• the activation of one component or two components simultaneously (if it is technically possible for two components to simultaneously enter the fire alarm status) with subsequent activation of further components shall lead to the fire alarm condition of the system;

• resetting shall return the system to the quiescent condition.

Start from the quiescent condition. Influence the transmission path by means of serial resistances, to ascertain at which line-parameters a fault is signalled at the CIE. The serial resistance that causes the fault is called $_айп.

The following criteria of acceptance shall be met for the functional test of the fault warning condition:

• the fault shall cause the intended fault warning condition of the system;

• at a line-parameter 0,9 x S_fauit, the components connected to the transmission path shall be fully operational.

Start from the quiescent condition. Influence the transmission path by means of parallel resistances, to ascertain at which line-parameters a fault is signalled at the CIE. The parallel resistance that causes the fault is called /W

The following criteria of acceptance shall be met for the functional test of a short circuit on a transmission path:

• a fault shall cause the intended fault warning condition of the system;

• at a line parameter 1,1 x p_fault, the components connected to the transmission path shall be fully operational.

Start from the quiescent condition. Reduce the battery voltage, with the mains voltage disconnected, by discharge of the battery, or by simulation:

• until activation of a deep discharge protection device, followed by reconnection to the mains line supply; or

• until the voltage reaches a level below which the system does not operate, followed by reconnection to the mains line supply.

The simulation of a reduction of the battery voltage shall not be at a rate greater than 0,4 V/min.

The indication of the fire alarm condition shall not be activated, and the outputs to fire alarm devices (item C of Figure 1 of EN 54-1:1996), fire alarm routing equipment (item E of Figure 1 of EN 54-1:1996) and fire protection equipment (item G of Figure 1 of EN 54-1:1996) shall not be activated.

After reconnection to the mains supply and, if necessary, the resetting of a deep discharge protection device, the system shall return to the intended functional condition (except the fire alarm condition).

NOTE The intended functional condition is one of those mentioned in EN 54-2 and is specified in the manufacturer's documentation.

Start from the quiescent condition. Disable and re-enable different system components or system parts (e.g. detectors, detector zones and transmission path)

The following criteria of acceptance shall be met for the functional test of the disablement condition:

• disablement shall cause the intended disablement condition of the system;

• disabled system components or system parts shall no longer have a functional effect on the system;

• after re-enablement, the system part or component shall function again as intended.

Start from the quiescent condition. Activate the test function for various system parts or components provided for this purpose (e.g. detectors, detector zones).

The following criteria of acceptance shall be met for the functional test of the test condition:

• activation shall cause the intended test condition of the system;

• system parts or components, for which the test state is activated, shall function as intended under this state. After de-activation of the test function, the appropriate part of the system or component shall again be fully operational.

The objective of the test is to check that the component type 2 used in conjunction with the FDAS in a defined configuration covered by the specifications given by the manufacturer does not jeopardize the FDAS.

During testing, implemented functions of the FDAS shall be activated in sequence (except when it is specified differently).

Start from the quiescent condition or fire alarm condition. Activate and reset one or more of the functions included in the component type 2 that can be connected to the transmission path, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions under the conditions specified in 5.4.2.

The following criteria of acceptance shall be met for the test for connectability:

• the activation (or the failure) of the component type 2 shall not prevent the correct functioning of the components type 1 of the system;

• information concerning conditions of the FDAS delivered by the components type 2 shall not be in conflict with that given by components type 1.

NOTE The failure of component type 2 may cause the fault warning condition of the system.

The objective of the tests is to check that the functioning of the system is not adversely affected.

The test schedule shall be selected from those defined for components within the relevant standard.

The test shall be conducted together with the component(s) to which the system is connected according to the defined configuration.

The correct functioning of the system shall not be adversely affected.Annex A

(normative)

Functions of a FDAS

Figure A.1 is based upon Figure 1 of EN 54-1:1996, but refers to functions and is not intended to represent physical components. It states the functions that are included within a FDAS (functions included in the dotted line). Where the functions bridge the dotted line they are shared between the FDAS and another system.

Key

A Automatic fire detection function

В Control and indicating function

C Fire alarm function

D Manual initiating function

E Fire alarm routing function

F Fire alarm receiving function

G Control function for automatic fire protection function

H Automatic fire protection function

J Fault warning routing function

К Fault warning receiving function

L Power supply function

Figure A.1 — Functions of the fire detection and fire alarm system

Annex В

(informative)

Classification of functions of the FDAS

The purpose of this Annex is to assist in the classification of the components type 1 and type 2.

All detectors, such as heat, smoke, flame, gas, point- or line-type, and manual call points should be considered as being essential and therefore be classified as component type 1. All forms of components that allow the detectors to operate, such as short-circuit-isolators, the interface to connect spur-wired detectors to a loop, etc. should also be classified as type 1.

This is clearly an essential function; so all components being able to perform an alarm for people should be classified as component type 1.

EXAMPLE Sirens, voice sounders, voice alarm components, etc.

When the alarm is passed through mobile phones or pagers, an output device is needed which is classified as component type 1. All connected elements, such as computers, telephone switch boards, recorders for the messages, are not considered as part of the FDAS.

If the connection to this organization is required, then the component should be classified as component type 1.

The output function (terminals of the CIE or output device) used for the control of door holding magnets, closing dampers, smoke ventilation, ventilation control, etc. should be regarded as essential. Each component used for triggering such equipment should be classified as component type 1.

The output device driving fire extinguishing systems, smoke control system, compartment system, release of access control system, etc. should be regarded as essential. Each component used for triggering such a system should be classified as component type 1.

The classification of component type 1 or type 2 may depend on local regulations.

Fire brigade panels should be classified as component type 1 if the fire brigades require a fire brigade panel as a mandatory component.

Remote panels should be classified as component type 1 if the CIE is in a separate location somewhere in the building and the remote panel is the usual way to access the information.

Remote panels should be classified as component type 2 when they are used to provide redundant information, such as a panel located in the office of the building manager.

These components should be classified as component type 2, and include devices used to transmit information to the building management system or to all other non-security applications.

Any devices that perform an input function should be classified as component type 2.

If they are used to receive fire alarm information from other kinds of detection such as a sprinkler system, they should be classified as component type 1.

Any devices that perform an output function should be classified as component type 2.

If they are used to send fire alarm information to the fire protection system, they should be classified as component type 1.

Such devices should be classified as component type 1.

NOTE Junction boxes should not be considered as component type 1 or type 2.Annex C
(informative)

Example methodology for theoretical analysis

C.1 Introduction

The components forming a FDAS are designed to provide a system with a particular aspect of its overall functionality. Only when all the components are connected together is the system likely to perform in the desired manner and then only if the components intercommunicate effectively.

For the purposes of this document, the CIE is the focal point of the system and all other components are required to communicate effectively with the CIE. Communication does not only require the consideration of communication protocols; other aspects such as power supply requirements and data transmission characteristics should also be considered.

C.2 Method of test

C.2.1 General

The theoretical analysis should commence with a review of the system configuration documentation. The objective of the review is to understand the most onerous configurations and analyse their performance. A structured approach should then be followed which analyses at least the following characteristics:

• mechanical connections;

• power supply;

• data exchange;

• functionality;

• electromagnetic compatibility.

As far as possible, the analysis should be undertaken in the order stated. However, environmental compatibility should be considered throughout the analysis process and additional analysis may be considered necessary.

C.2.2 List of characteristics

C.2.2.1 Mechanical connections

Check that the mechanical arrangements for the termination of the transmission path and its connection to the component are compatible with the cable and any accessories specified for the transmission path.

C.2.2.2 Power supply and distribution analysis

C.2.2.2.1 Voltage range

Check that the maximum voltage of the power supply under all load conditions is less than or equal to the maximum specified voltage of the powered components.

Check that the minimum voltage provided by the power supply under all load conditions is greater than or equal to the minimum voltage of the powered component taking into account the effects of voltage drops within transmission paths.

C.2.2.2.2 Current

Check that the current available from the power supply circuit is adequate to meet the maximum demands. Ensure that appropriate measures are taken to limit the current that can flow throughout the circuit to a safe level.

C.2.2.2.3 Supply characteristics

Check that the component is able to function correctly with the supplied power.

EXAMPLE Check that the component operates with the power supply's worst case characteristics of output frequency, modulation, distortion and phase angle.

C.2.2.2.4 Tolerances

Check that the components operate satisfactorily when they are subjected to worst case tolerances of the power supply. These tolerances should take into account at least the likely effect of environmental temperature and input voltage variations.

C.2.2.2.5 Fault performance

If a short circuit fault occurs on a transmission path used for power distribution, check that this will be handled in an acceptable manner.

EXAMPLE Ensure that appropriate current limiting components are provided to prevent unacceptable losses of power during conditions of current overload.

C.2.2.3 Data exchange analysis

C.2.2.3.1 General

All active components connected to transmission paths rely on data being received or transmitted to perform their functions. The data may be exchanged on the same transmission path as the power supply or may be exchanged via a separate transmission path. The analysis, however, should follow the same method in both cases.

C.2.2.3.2 Transmission characteristics

C.2.2.3.2.1 General

Check that the electrical characteristics of the transmission signals are compatible with the requirements for the successful reception of the data by other components on the transmission path. At least, the following characteristics should be analysed.

C.2.2.3.2.2 Voltage range

Check that the maximum transmitted signal voltage under all normal load conditions is less than or equal to the maximum specified voltage of the receiving components.

Check that the minimum transmitted signal voltage under normal load conditions is greater than or equal to that specified for the receiving components when taking into account the effects of voltage drops within transmission paths.

C.2.2.3.2.3 Current

Check that the signal current flowing as a result of the operation of the transmitting component is adequate to meet the demands of the receiving components.

Check that adequate signal-current-limiting facilities are provided to protect components against over current conditions.