prEN 15269-20, Extended application of test results for fire resistance and/or smoke control for door, shutter and openable window assemblies, including their elements of building hardware — Part 20: Smoke control for hinged and pivoted steel, timber and metal framed glazed doorsets
prEN 15725, Extended application reports on the fire performance of construction products and building elements
prEN 15882-1, Extended application of results from fire resistance tests for service installations — Part 1: Fire resisting ducts
prEN 15882-2, Extended application of results from fire resistance tests for service installations — Part 2: Dampers
EN 15882-3, Extended application of results from fire resistance tests for service installations — Part 3: Penetration seals
prEN 15882-41’, Extended application of results from fire resistance tests for service installations — Part 4: Linear joint seals
EN ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety— Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2000)
Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 13943:2000 and the following apply.
element of building construction
defined part of a construction component, e.g. wall, partition, floor, roof, beam or column (EN 1363-1:1999). An element, for the purpose of this European Standard, covers both individual products and elements made up of one or more products
ceiling
non-loadbearing element of a building construction designed to provide horizontal fire separation
(EN 1364-2:1999)
self-supporting ceiling
ceiling with a span from wall to wall, without any additional suspension devices
(EN 1364-2:1999)
door or shutter assembly (doorset)
complete assembly, including any frame or guide, door leaf or leaves, rolling or folding curtain etc., which is provided for closing of permanent openings in separating elements. This includes all sidepanels, vision panels or transom panels, together with the door hardware and any seals (whether provided for the purpose of fire or smoke control or for other purposes such as draught control or acoustics) which are used in the assembly
(EN 1634-1:2000)
floor
horizontal element of building construction which is loadbearing
(EN 1365-2:1999)
roof
horizontal or sloped element of building construction which is loadbearing
(EN 1365-2:1999)
suspended ceiling
ceiling which is suspended from a supporting construction
(EN 1364-2:1999)
loadbearing wall
wall designed to support an applied load
(EN 1365-1:1999)
3.9
non-loadbearing wall
wall designed not to be subjected to any load other than its self weight
(EN 1364-1:1999)
3.10 internal wall
wall which provides fire separation. It can be exposed separately to a fire from either side
(EN 1364-1:1999 and EN 1365-1:1999)
3.11
external wall
wall forming the external envelope of a building which may be exposed separately to an internal or an external fire
(EN 1364-1:1999 and EN 1365-1:1999)
3.12
insulated wall
wall, with or without glazing, which satisfies both the integrity and insulation criteria for the achieved fire resistance period
(EN 1364-1:1999 and EN 1365-1:1999)
3.13
un-insulated wall
wall, with or without glazing, which satisfies the integrity and, where required, the radiation criteria for the achieved fire resistance period but which is not intended to provide insulation. Such a wall can consist entirely of un-insulated fire resistant glazing
(EN 1364-1:1999 and EN 1365-1:1999)
3.14
separating wall
wall with or without glazing provided within a building or between adjoining buildings to prevent the transfer of fire from one side to the other
(EN 1364-1:1999 and EN 1365-1:1999)
3.15
curtain wall
external non-loadbearing wall which is independent of the structural frame and supported in place in front of loadbearing structures. A curtain wall typically includes panels, glazing, seals, fixings, transoms and mullions
(EN 1364-3:2006)
3.16
fire resistant glazing
glazing system consisting of one or more transparent or translucent panes with a suitable method of mounting, with e.g. frames, seals and fixing materials, capable of satisfying the appropriate fire resistance criteria
(EN 1364-1:1999)
3.17
insulated glazing
fire resistant glazing which satisfies both the integrity and insulation criteria for the achieved fire resistance period
(EN 1364-1:1999)
3.18
un-insulated glazing
fire resistance glazing which satisfies the integrity and, where required, the radiation criteria for the achieved fire resistance period but which is not intended to provide insulation
(EN 1364-1:1999)
3.19
glazed element
building element with one or more (light transmissive) panes, fire resistant or not, that are built in a frame with fixings and seals
(EN 1364-1:1999)
3.20
test specimen
element (or part) of building construction provided for the purpose of determining either its fire resistance or its contribution to the fire resistance of another building element
(EN 1363-1:1999)
3.21
loadbearing element
element that is intended for use in supporting an external load in a building and maintaining this support in the event of a fire
(EN 1363-1:1999)
3.22
separating element
element that is intended for use in maintaining separation between two adjacent areas of a building in the event of a fire
(EN 1363-1:1999)
3.23
smoke leakage
ability of an element of construction to reduce the passage of hot and/or cold gases or smoke from one side of the element to the other to below specified levels
(EN 1363-1:1999)
3.24
sustained flaming
continuous flaming for a period of time greater than 10 s
(EN 1363-1:1999)
3.25
load level
magnitude of the test load (mechanical actions) in relation to the loadbearing capacity of the member at normal temperature
NOTE The loadbearing capacity of the member at normal temperature is determined by testing or calculation, taking into account the actual mechanical properties of the loadbearing element tested.
3.26
covering
product intended to protect underlying products against damage during a specified fire exposure
3.27
direct field of application
E) outcome of a process (involving the application of defined rules) whereby a test result is deemed to be equally valid for variations in one or more of the product properties and/or intended end use applications (Б1
3.28
extended field of application
E> outcome of a process (involving the application of defined rules that may incorporate calculation procedures) that predicts, for a variation of a product property and/or its intended end use application(s), a test result on the basis of one or more test results to the same test standard (Ail
3.29
closure and conveyor system assembly
complete assembly of the closure for the conveyor system and, where relevant, its frame or guide, which is provided for closing off a permanent opening in a separating element. This includes the anchoring parts for the connection with the separating element, a length of any penetrating component on either side of the construction and the penetration seal, any sealing system between the closure for a conveyor system, the conveyor system and any closing and/or separating device
(EN 1366-7:2004)
Ю3.30
extended application result
predicted result for a performance parameter obtained following the process of extended field of application
3.31
extended application report
document reporting extended application results, including all details of the process leading to those results, prepared in accordance with prEN 15725 <3
Fire scenarios
General
The second essential requirement of the Construction Products Directive addresses spread of fire and smoke and the loadbearing capacity of the construction. These requirements are considered to be satisfied by proving fire resistance of loadbearing and/or separating elements.
Fire resistance of loadbearing and/or separating elements shall be assessed using one or more of the levels of thermal attack given in 4.2 to 4.6. Further clauses of this European Standard identify which attack(s) shall be used for which elements.
NOTE 1 The various levels of thermal action given in 4.2 to 4.6 reflect different fire scenarios and the standards which prescribe their translation into practical tests give tolerances for their application.
NOTE 2 Other heating curves exist, for example the hydrocarbon curve. Also, for extreme fire scenarios (e g. traffic tunnels, nuclear plants), more severe conventional curves can be specified. These are not, however, used for the classification of elements according to this European Standard.
The standard temperature/time curve (post flash-over fire)
When applied as a basis for testing, the standard temperature/time relationship shall be applied for the full duration of the test. The relationship, which is a model of a fully developed fire in a compartment, is given by the following relationship:
T= 345 log10(fit +1) + 20
where
t is the time from the start of the test in minutes (min);
T is the mean furnace temperature in degrees Celsius (°С).
NOTE Further details relating to the practical application of this curve and other test parameters, e g. tolerances, are given in EN 1363-1.
The slow heating curve (smouldering fire)
The smouldering fire test shall only be used if it is expected that the fire resistance performance of the element may be reduced by exposure to temperatures associated with the growth stage of a fire. It is, therefore, particularly relevant to elements whose performance may be dependent upon high heating rates below approximately 500 °С (as provided during the standard temperature/time curve) for achievement of their classifications (i.e. mainly reactive or intumescent products).
The slow heating curve is given by the following relationship:
forO < r < 21
7 = 154/°'25 + 20
for t > 21
Г = 345 log10 (8(r-20) + 1) + 20
where
t is the time from start of test in minutes (min);
T is the mean furnace temperature in degrees Celsius (°С).
NOTE Further details relating to the practical application of this curve, and other test parameters e.g. tolerances, are given in EN 1363-2.
The ‘semi-natural’ fire
During the ‘semi-natural’ fire test the temperature of the fire gases adjacent to the soffit of the ceiling shall reach 1 000 °С within 10 min to 20 min of the start of the test.
Because of the difficulties in achieving the necessary thermal attack in a conventional furnace, the attack shall be provided by fire from wooden cribs made from softwood.
NOTE 1 The ‘semi-natural’ fire is a fire which produces direct flame impingement with a high convective heat transfer content which is not realised in furnace tests using the standard temperature/time curve. The term ‘seminatural’ fire corresponds to the single burning item exposure required for ceilings in 4.3.1.3.4 (a) of the Interpretative Document 2 (not to be confused with the “single burning item” test for reaction to fire). It is relevant only for lightweight suspended horizontal protective membranes having a low thermal inertia.
NOTE 2 Further details relating to the practical application of this thermal attack, and other test parameters, are given in CEN/TS 13381-1.
The external fire exposure curve
This is a temperature/time relationship which represents the exposure of the external face of a wall to fire which may emerge from a window of a building, or from a free-burning external fire.
The curve is defined by the relationship:
7= 660 (1 - 0,687 e032'- 0,313 e3'8') + 20
where
t is the time from start of test in minutes (min);
T is the mean furnace temperature in degrees Celsius (°С).
NOTE Further details relating to the practical application of this curve, and other test parameters e.g. tolerances, are given in EN 1363-2.
Constant temperature attack
In addition to the heating regimes given above, the evaluation of some elements shall be made using a notional constant value of temperature. The specified temperature depends upon the type of element. The rate at which this temperature is achieved is specified in each relevant test standard.
The following temperatures shall be used for the elements indicated:
20 °С for evaluating the leakage rate of smoke control doors at ambient temperature;
200 °С for evaluating the leakage rate of medium temperature smoke control doors;
500 °С for evaluating the fire performance of raised floors;
1 000 °С for evaluating soot fire resistance of chimneys and chimney related products.
5 Resistance to fire performance characteristics
General
ID2 requires the assessment of the characteristic loadbearing capacity and/or integrity and/or insulation. Further optional characteristics are also specified by ID2, namely radiation, mechanical aspects, self-closing ability and smoke leakage. The need to classify based on these optional characteristics is dependent on national regulations and may be specified under certain conditions for certain elements. This clause provides the necessary details of each of the above characteristics.
Where a characteristic may have more than one different definition or type of performance, later clauses identify which specific definition applies to which element.
Performance characteristics
R - Loadbearing capacity
Loadbearing capacity R is the ability of the element of construction to withstand fire exposure under specified mechanical actions, on one or more faces, for a period of time, without any loss of structural stability.
The criteria which provide for assessment of imminent collapse will vary as a function of the type of loadbearing element.
They shall be either:
for flexurally loaded elements e.g. floors, roofs, a rate of deformation (rate of deflection) and a limit state for the actual deformation (deflection), or
for axially loaded elements e.g. columns, walls, a rate of deformation (rate of contraction) and a limit state for the actual deformation (contraction).
E - Integrity
General
Integrity E is the ability of the element of construction that has a separating function, to withstand fire exposure on one side only, without the transmission of fire to the unexposed side as a result of the passage of flames or hot gases. They may cause ignition either of the unexposed surface or of any material adjacent to that surface.
The assessment of integrity shall generally be made on the basis of the following three aspects:
cracks or openings in excess of given dimensions;
ignition of a cotton pad;
sustained flaming on the unexposed side.
The integrity shall be determined by all three methods during the test, and the cotton pad is applied until it ignites and once it has ignited it is withdrawn and the test continued until all three aspects have been exceeded (the sponsor has the option, however, of stopping the test once the desired level has been reached). The times of each mode of integrity failure are recorded.
Failure of the loadbearing capacity criterion shall also be considered as failure of integrity.
B) Classification for integrity (E) shall be according to whether or not the element is also classified for insulation (I, h or l2). Where an element is classified both for integrity and insulation, the value of integrity is that determined by whichever of the three aspects fails first. Where an element is classified without an insulation classification (i.e. for the classifications E, EW, RE and REW), the value of integrity is that determined by the time to failure of only the cracks/openings or sustained flaming aspects, whichever fails first.
The relevant test standards specify how the different areas of elements which have some insulated and some un-insulated parts are to be tested.
Specific
For some elements the determination of integrity performance requires additional measurement or shall not be determined by any of the three criteria given in 5.2.2.1. In those cases the relevant methodology is given in the specific test standard.
I - Thermal insulation
General
Thermal insulation I is the ability of the element of construction to withstand fire exposure on one side only, without the transmission of fire as a result of significant transfer of heat from the exposed side to the unexposed side. Transmission shall be limited so that neither the unexposed surface nor any material in close proximity to that surface is ignited. The element shall also provide a barrier to heat, sufficient to protect people near to it.
Where an element of construction has been evaluated for different levels of thermal performance associated with various discrete areas, its classification as a whole shall be given on the basis of the shortest time for which either the maximum or mean temperature rise criteria are satisfied on any discrete area.
Thermal insulation of elements except doors, shutters and closures for conveyor systems
For all separating elements except doors and shutters the performance level used to define thermal insulation shall be the mean temperature rise on the unexposed face limited to 140 °С above the initial mean temperature, with the maximum temperature rise at any point limited to 180 °С above the initial mean temperature.
In the case of elements with small surface areas (such as joint seals) the concept of mean temperature rise is irrelevant and thermal insulation shall be assessed on the basis of the maximum only.
Failure of any loadbearing or integrity criterion shall also mean failure of thermal insulation, whether or not the specific thermal insulation temperature limits have been exceeded.
Thermal insulation of doors and shutters
In the specific case of doors and shutters, one out of two options of the thermal insulation criterion shall be used:
_ Thermal insulation h
The mean temperature rise on the unexposed face of the door leaf shall be limited to 140 °С above the initial mean temperature, with the maximum temperature rise at any point of the door leaf limited to 180 °С. No temperature measurements shall be taken into account on the door leaf within 25 mm from the border line of the visible part of the door leaf. The temperature rise at any point on the frame shall be limited to 180 °С, measured at 100 mm from the visible edge (on the unexposed face) of the door leaf, if the frame is wider than 100 mm, otherwise it shall be measured at the frame/supporting construction boundary.
— Thermal insulation l2
The mean temperature rise on the unexposed face of the door leaf shall be limited to 140 °С above the initial mean temperature, with the maximum temperature rise at any point of the door leaf limited to 180 °С. No temperature measurements shall be taken into account on the door leaf within 100 mm from the border line of the visible part of the door leaf. The temperature rise at any point on the frame shall be limited to 360 °С, measured at 100 mm from the visible edge (on the unexposed face) of the door leaf, if the frame is wider than 100 mm, otherwise it shall be measured at the frame/supporting boundary.
The thermal insulation classification shall be made specific by the use of the suffixes 1 and 2 corresponding, respectively, to the two definitions above (for example h). These suffices shall be used only for fire doors and shutters and closures for conveyor systems (see also 5.2.3.4), but not for any other element with an I classification.
Failure of any integrity criterion shall also mean failure of thermal insulation, whether or not the specific thermal insulation temperature limits have been exceeded.
Thermal insulation of closure and conveyor system assemblies
In the specific case of closure and conveyor system assemblies, one out of three options of the thermal insulation criterion shall be used:
Thermal insulation Ц
The mean temperature rise on the unexposed face of the leaf of the closure shall be limited to 140 °С above the initial mean temperature, with the maximum temperature rise at any point of the closure leaf limited to 180 °С. No temperature measurements shall be taken into account on the closure leaf within 25 mm from the border line of the visible part of the leaf of the closure. The temperature rise at any point on the frame/guide shall be limited to 180 °С, measured at 100 mm from the visible edge (on the unexposed face) of the leaf of the closure, if the frame/guide is wider than 100 mm, otherwise it shall be measured at the frame/supporting construction boundary.
Thermal insulation l2
