---

The mean temperature rise on the unexposed face of the leaf of the closure shall be limited to 140 °С above the initial mean temperature, with the maximum temperature rise at any point of the leaf of the closure limited to 180 °С. No temperature measurements shall be taken into account on the leaf of the closure within 100 mm from the border line of the visible part of the leaf of the closure. The temperature rise at any point on the frame/guide shall be limited to 360 °С, measured at 100 mm from the visible edge (on the unexposed face) of the leaf of the closure, if the frame/guide is wider than 100 mm, otherwise it shall be measured at the frame/supporting boundary.

• Thermal insulation I

In those cases where the test specimen is a pipe or duct configuration with no assessment of the closure for the conveyor system, this cannot result in an Ц or l₂ classification. In this case an I classification shall be used.

Where a test specimen incorporates a closure for a conveyor system together with a penetration and its penetrating components, this shall result in an I classification allocated to the penetrating component or penetration seal. The complete closure and conveyor system assembly however shall be classified using the appropriate index for Ц or l₂ to distinguish between the two possible ways of assessing the closure for the conveyor system.

Failure of any integrity criterion shall also mean failure of thermal insulation, whether or not the specific thermal insulation temperature limits have been exceeded.

Radiation W is the ability of the element of construction to withstand fire exposure on one side only, so as to reduce the probability of the transmission of fire as a result of significant radiated heat either through the element or from its unexposed surface to adjacent materials. The element may also need to protect people in the vicinity. An element which satisfies the thermal insulation criterion I, h or l₂ is also deemed to satisfy the W requirement for the same period.

Failure of integrity under the ‘cracks or openings in excess of given dimensions’ or the 'sustained flaming at unexposed side’ criteria means automatically failure of the radiation criterion.

Elements for which the radiation criterion is evaluated shall be identified by the addition of a W to the classification (e.g. EW, REW). For such elements, the classification shall be given by the time for which the maximum value of radiation, measured as specified in the test standard, does not exceed a value of 15 kW/m².

The full time history of the radiation shall be given in the classification report.

Mechanical action M is the ability of the element to withstand impact, representing the case where structural failure of another component in a fire causes an impact on the element concerned.

The element is subject to impact of predefined force shortly after the time for the desired R, E and/or I classification period. The element shall resist the impact without prejudice to the R, E, and/or I performance to have the classification supplemented by M.

Self-closing C is the ability of an open door or window to close fully into its frame and engage any latching device that may be fitted, without human intervention, by stored energy, or be mains power backed up by stored energy in case of power failure.

It applies to elements usually kept closed and which shall close automatically after every opening. It also applies to elements usually kept open which shall close in the event of a fire, and to mechanically operated elements which also shall close in the event of a fire.

Tests of self-closing ability are made under ambient conditions (and are subject to a durability classification based on intended use). The test shall be a pass/fail one. The test requirements are specified in EN 14600.

Smoke leakage S is the ability of the element to reduce or eliminate the passage of gases or smoke from one side of the element to the other.

S_a considers smoke leakage at ambient temperature only.

S_m considers smoke leakage at both ambient temperature and at 200 °С.

Soot fire resistance classification for chimneys and chimney related products stands for the ability of the element(s) to be resistant to soot fires. This includes aspects of leakage and thermal insulation.

A test is undertaken with a constant temperature attack of 1 000 °С, applied under appropriate test conditions, being maintained for 30 min after having reached the 1 000 °С level after 10 min.

Flues and other chimney products designed to be built into a surround (e.g. into a brick chimney) shall only satisfy a leakage requirement at the end of the test.

Elements where the external surface or surfaces of the chimney are within or adjacent to a building shall satisfy a thermal insulation requirement, defined as being a maximum temperature of adjacent materials not exceeding 100 °С when related to an ambient temperature of 20 °С.

Any distance to products with a reaction to fire classification different from A1, and necessary to achieve this requirement, shall be declared. This value shall not exceed the distance required to satisfy the criteria for normal operating conditions. The G classification shall be followed by the designation of the necessary distance.

This European Standard deals only with the performance requirements of chimneys when exposed to an internal soot fire. Other properties of chimneys, in particular high temperature gas tightness and thermal shock, while potentially a fire-related issue, are not considered as resistance to fire. They are therefore expected to be covered by the specific product specifications for chimneys.

Fire protection ability К is the ability of a wall or ceiling covering to provide for the material behind the covering protection against ignition, charring and other damage for a specified period of time.

Coverings are the outermost parts of building elements, such as walls, floors and roofs.

Fire protection ability K|

For Kt it shall be shown for the classification period (10 min) that the performance criteria are fulfilled when one of the following substrates is used in the test specimen:

• a chipboard with a density of (680 ± 50) kg/m³ and a thickness of (19 ± 2) mm, which represents all materials with a density of not less than 300 kg/m³ behind the covering or

• a material with a density of less than 300 kg/m³ (a low density material), having a thickness of at least 50mm, which represents a material of the same type, having a density and/or thickness equal or greater than that tested or

• any other specific substrate, which represents a material of the same composition behind the covering.

Fire protection ability K₂

For K₂ it shall be shown for the classification period (10 min or 30 min or 60 min) that the performance criteria are fulfilled when one of the following substrates is used in the test specimen:

• a chipboard with a density of (680 ± 50) kg/m³, and a thickness of (19 ± 2) mm which represents all materials behind the covering or

• any other specific substrate, which represents a material of the same composition behind the covering.

6. Declaration of fire resistance performance

   1. Classification periods

All classification periods against any of the characteristics shall be declared in minutes, using one of the periods: 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 or 360.

NOTE Not all periods apply to all elements, and further clauses show which classification periods apply to which elements.

For the classification of building elements use shall be made of the designatory letters explained in 5.2.

Combinations of these designatory letters, as appropriate, shall be used as part of the classification of performance. They shall be supplemented by the time, in elapsed completed minutes of the nearest lower class during which the functional requirements are satisfied. Additionally, the load level shall be specified.

In general the classes shall be expressed as follows:

For loadbearing elements:

REI tt: ft being the classification period during which all criteria loadbearing capacity, integrity and thermal insulation are satisfied;

RE tt: tt being the classification period during which the criteria loadbearing capacity and integrity are satisfied;

R tt: tt being the classification period during which the criterion loadbearing capacity is satisfied.

For non loadbearing elements:

El tt: tt being the classification period during which the criteria integrity and thermal insulation are satisfied;

E tt: tt being the classification period during which the criterion integrity is satisfied.

Thus the following example classes may be defined:

REI 15, RE 20 ...

El 45, E60 ...

E)Test results and extended application results shall О always be rounded down to the nearest lower class. When characteristics are combined, the time declared shall be that for the characteristic having the shortest time. So a building element with a loadbearing capacity of 155 min, an integrity by the cotton pad of 80 min, integrity by cracks/flaming of 85 min and a thermal insulation of 42 min shall be classified REI 30/RE 60/R 120.

Only those combinations of designatory letters and performance times explained in Clause 7 shall be used for the relevant elements.

In the specific case of doors and shutters for the thermal insulation criterion, two different levels are defined. Hence, the classification shall be made specific by the use of one of the suffixes 1 and 2, to indicate the subclass.

NOTE Integrity, however, is determined in exactly the same way as for other elements.

8. Where the test results and the extended application results lead to (51 a difference in failure time for h and l₂, the element may have more than one classification. For example, a door failing the first thermal insulation criterion after 50 min and the second criterion after 70 min (failing E after 95 min) shall be classed Eh 45/EI₂ 60/E 90.

Where the difference in performance does not lead to a difference in classification, the element shall be classed with the suffix of the strictest requirement. The suffix 1 here indicates that the door satisfies also the second thermal insulation criterion. For example, a door failing the first thermal insulation criterion after 50 min and the second criterion after 55 min (failing E after 70 min) shall be classed Eh 45/E 60.

In the specific case of closures and conveyor system assemblies, for the thermal insulation criterion, three different levels are defined (see 5.2.3.4). Hence, the classification shall be made specific by the use of one of the suffixes 1 and 2, if applicable, to indicate any subclass.

As an example the complete closure and conveyor system assembly may have any one or more of the following classifications for different test specimens: ЕЦ 45, El₂ 60, El 90, E 120.

The principles of integrity classification given in 6.5.1 shall also apply to closures and conveyor system assemblies.

Where required, the classification shall include the following optional performance parameter:

W when radiation has been measured and for the period the criterion of 15 kW/m² has been satisfied, the W criterion intervenes in the same way as the R, E and I criteria, e.g. REW 30, EW 30.

The classification may be expanded by the use of any of the following performance parameters, when applicable:

M when particular mechanical actions are considered and the element satisfies the criteria of 5.2.5, e.g. REI 30-M;

S for elements with particular limitations on smoke leakage.

For fire resistant elements the S shall be added to the fire resistance classification (e.g. El₂ 60-S_m). Where no fire resistance classification is relevant, the element shall simply be classified S. The S classification shall be determined under ambient S_a and/or medium temperature conditions S_m as a function of the classification envisaged;

C for doors and shutters and closures for conveyor systems equipped with a self-closing device, e.g. El₂ 30-C3, where the classes CO to C5 are defined in EN 14600;

IncSIow where the response of a product to the slow heating curve has additionally been evaluated, this shall be indicated by the supplement IncSIow, e.g El 30-lncSlow;

sn where performance against the semi-natural fire is an additional regulatory requirement to the standard temperature/time exposure (only relevant for lightweight horizontal protective membranes having a low thermal inertia and not mandatory for all horizontal protective membranes), the classification of the element protected by that protective membrane shall be so identified, e.g. R 60-sn;

ef where performance against the external fire exposure curve instead of the standard temperature/time exposure is determined, the classification of the element shall be so identified, e.g. El 60-ef;

r where performance against the constant temperature attack of 500 °С (reduced temperature exposure) instead of the standard temperature/time exposure is determined, the classification of the element shall be so identified, e.g. RE 30-r.

G the performance parameter G shall be used for chimneys and chimney related products (such as flue blocks and connectors) designed to be resistant to soot fires;

К the performance parameters and K₂ shall be used for a covering which provides fire protection to materials behind it for a specified period of time.

The combination of classes and times for R, E, I and W shall be Ю deduced from test results and/or extended application results O- Only those combinations of classes and times as defined in the following clauses of this European Standard shall be used for the relevant elements. Combined classifications shall be declared in order of decreasing number of performance criteria and increasing time. The designatory letters for the expansion of performance parameters shall be added as far as relevant and as far as the conditions are satisfied. The classification(s) shall be awarded after verification that specific additional requirements for certain construction elements are satisfied.

The classification shall be presented according to the following template:

For loadbearing elements additionally the applied load and/or load level shall be included in the classification report (see 7.1.2.5).

The presentation of the particular performance parameters G and К is specified in 7.5.11 and 7.6.

NOTE The use of particular suffices and supplementary notations is described in relevant later clauses.

Product specifications including descriptive product specifications and claiming a given fire resistance classification in accordance with this European Standard shall justify their classification by fire resistance testing. This establishes the performance at an adequate level of confidence, taking into account the possible variations of the components and the production technique.

The product specification shall therefore include the necessary means for control of the relevant properties.

NOTE Suitable characterisation testing of essential and critical components can be needed in support.

6. Classification procedure for fire resistance

   1. General

      1. Procedure

1. The envisaged field of application of the classification shall be proposed by the sponsor and includes aspects such as:

— exposure conditions: for asymmetrical elements, the side(s) to be exposed, one/two sides

exposure for walls, three/four sides exposure for beams etc.;

• dimensions of the element: including span, height, width;

• boundary and support conditions: restraint, free movement, pinjointed;

• load level (see 3.25);

• variation of constructional details;

• the envisaged class(es): i.e. combinations of performance criteria and time(s).

2. E) Taking into account the direct field of application of test results as specified in the relevant test method and/or the extended application results, the number of tests, standard temperature/time tests and other exposures, and the specimen to be tested shall be deduced, ^j]

3. As a function of the components involved in the construction element, and the type of element, the need for tests under other than the standard temperature/time curve shall be verified:

• the slow heating curve for elements whose performance may be dependent upon high heating rates below 500 °С, for achievement of their classification;

• the “semi-natural” fire for lightweight suspended horizontal protective membranes;

• the external fire exposure curve for external faces of non-loadbearing walls;

• constant temperature attack for e.g. smoke control doors, raised floors, chimneys.

4. The standard temperature/time fire tests shall be carried out and for each test the times shall be determined, in elapsed minutes, for which the test specimen continues to satisfy the different aspects of the performance criteria:

For particular elements other aspects are measured or verified:

5. For any of the tests and criteria R, E, I, W, К the obtained times in minutes shall be rounded down to the nearest lower value included in the following series: 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360.

6. If more than one test has to be carried out because of the envisaged field of application, the lowest result shall determine the classification for the entire field of application. As the classification is linked to the field of application, results of individual tests may lead to higher ranking for a more limited field of application.

7. Classification reports shall be prepared as shown in Annex A. A classification report can be issued for any one combination of performance parameters and times that E> are covered by results of tests and/or by extended application results

No tests shall be duplicated for aspects of repeatability and a single test normally allows the classification of all elements identical to the tested element and those included in the field of direct application.

Asymmetrical fire-separating elements may have a different performance depending on the side from which they are tested. A test shall therefore be carried out on each side unless the conditions in 7.1.2.2 apply.

Elements have a different performance depending on load-level and boundary conditions. The field of application of the classification is determined by the load level and boundary conditions applied in the test. Additional tests may be required in function of the envisaged field of application.

The number of tests required may further depend on:

1. the combination of performance criteria envisaged;

2. the need to apply other thermal attack conditions in addition to the standard temperature/time curve.

Elements are supplied in a wide variety of sizes, shapes and materials, including finishes to satisfy the requirements of the market. It is impractical to test every variation of shape, size or material for each element.

The extent to which a tested element may or may not be changed under the field of direct application is given in rules or guidelines in the relevant test standards, which limit the permitted variation away from the test specimen without further evaluation or calculation.

E> deleted text <E1